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随着城市化进程的快速推进,北京市对水资源的需求量和对水质要求都相应提高,在流域水资源总量有限的情况下,引起同一流域内上游地区可用水量的减少,同时,也会要求上游地区采取各种措施提高水质保护水平,这在一定程度上限制了上游地区经济发展和人民生活质量的改善,使流域下游城市与上游地区之间产生水资源利用区际冲突。本文在分析北京市水资源供需矛盾的基础上,探讨了基于水质保护和需水量增加的流域水资源利用区际冲突问题,分析认为水资源总量不足、权属不清以及没有完全实行区际补偿机制,是产生水资源利用区际冲突的根本原因。建议协调流域内各地区的经济利益,建立水资源补偿与合作机制,逐步实施水权分配制度,实行流域水资源统一管理,建立流域水资源新型管理体制,同时加快大型调水工程建设和使用,是解决水资源利用区际冲突问题的主要途径。
With the rapid progress of urbanization, Beijing’s demand for water resources and its water quality are correspondingly raised. With a limited total water resources in the basin, the reduction of available water in the upper reaches of the same basin will be caused. At the same time, Will require the upstream region to take various measures to improve the level of water quality protection, which to some extent limits the economic development in the upper reaches of the region and improve the quality of people’s lives, resulting in inter-regional conflicts in the utilization of water resources between the lower reaches of the basin and the upper reaches. Based on the analysis of the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in Beijing, this paper discusses the inter-regional conflicts of water resources utilization based on the protection of water quality and the increase of water demand, analyzes that the total amount of water resources is insufficient, the ownership is unclear, The compensation mechanism is the root cause of the inter-regional conflicts in water resources utilization. It is suggested that the economic benefits of all regions in the basin should be coordinated and a compensation and cooperation mechanism for water resources should be established. The water rights allocation system should be gradually implemented, a unified management of water resources in the basin should be implemented, a new management system for water resources should be established, and the construction and use of large- It is the main way to solve the problem of regional conflicts in water resources utilization.