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湖泊水面蒸发是湖水上层和近水面空气层水、热动力交换的综合结果。水面蒸发是自然水体的水量和热量损失的重要组成,在湖泊和水库的规划利用及工业冷却循环水的设计中,都必须充分考虑。由于自然水体的水面蒸发目前仍难以直接测定,过去多采用面积为20平方米(直径为5.04米,深2米)埋在地下的蒸发池的蒸发量来代表,计算水面蒸发量的折算系数法就直接应用了这个假定。上述方法的依据及其精度究竟如何,我国以往尚未研究。为了探讨这一课题,我所曾对太湖、团氿两湖水面蒸发进行观测试验,并对岸边蒸发池的长期观测资料作了分析,结果如下。
Lake water surface evaporation is an integrated result of the exchange of water and thermodynamic power in the upper layer and the near surface of the lake water. Water surface evaporation is an important component of natural water volume and heat loss. It must be fully considered in the planning and utilization of lakes and reservoirs and in the design of industrial cooling circulating water. Due to the natural water surface evaporation is still difficult to direct determination of the past, the use of an area of 20 square meters (5.04 meters in diameter, 2 meters deep) evaporation in the underground pool to represent the calculation of the evaporation coefficient of water conversion coefficient method This assumption is applied directly. The basis of the above method and its accuracy how, our country has not been studied in the past. In order to explore this issue, I have conducted observations on the water surface evaporation in Taihu Lake and Tuanchi Lake and analyzed the long-term observation data of the evaporation pond on the shore. The results are as follows.