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点睛是中国传统画学中备受重视的步骤,被认为是传神写照的关键,在宗教蓬勃发展的六朝时期,被佛、道二教宗教化,称为开光,成为将艺术作品神圣化为宗教崇拜对象的关键环节,开光时间与各自宗教的节日和斋日等相关。唐宋时期,随着密教经典进一步传入,佛教开光仪式开始拥有专属的咒语、仪式和择吉法,道教神像的开光则与道教的时间信仰紧密相关。六朝宗教对点眼的宗教化成为唐宋帝、后像开光的历史先声。在宋代帝、后神御开光中我们看到了不属于佛、道二教,但在中国有着更悠久传统的择吉术的深刻影响;也看到,随着不见于儒家礼仪经典的塑像供祀介入国家礼仪程度的加深,帝、后神御的开光仪式和择吉,最终都不得不受儒家礼仪的节制。这意味着,在贵族制度日渐衰微并终结的唐宋时代,国家在加强皇帝家族的神圣性,构建皇家新形象,建立新的意识形态过程中,一方面不断从在社会上影响巨大的佛教、道教、方术中吸取资源,另一方面则逐步将吸收来的内容改造,使之与传统的国家礼仪和儒家礼仪能够有机地结合。
Finishing touch is a highly regarded step in Chinese traditional painting. It is considered to be the key to vivid portrayal. It was called the opening of a religion by the Buddhism and Taoism during the flourishing period of the six dynasties, The key aspects of the object of worship, the opening time and their religious holidays and fasting and so on. During the Tang and Song dynasties, with the further introduction of the secret teachings, the Buddhist ceremonies began to have their own spells, ceremonies and precepts. The opening of the Taoist gods was closely related to the Taoist belief in time. The religious religion of the Six Dynasties became the historical precedent of the Tang and Song dynasties and the post-opening ceremony. In the Song dynasty and the God-following light, we saw the profound influence of the traditional auspicious technique that does not belong to Buddhism and Taoism but has a longer tradition in China. We also see that with the involvement of statues not found in Confucian ceremonies, The deepening of the national ceremonies, the opening ceremony of Emperor and Post-Imperialism, and the election of Kyrgyzstan, all ultimately had to be restrained by Confucian etiquette. This means that in the era of Tang and Song dynasties in which the system of aristocracy was gradually declining and ended, in the process of strengthening the sanctity of the emperor’s family, building a new royal image and establishing a new ideology, the state continued to make great efforts in influencing the great Buddhism, Taoism and alchemy draw resources, and on the other hand, they gradually transform the content they have absorbed so that they can be organically integrated with the traditional national etiquette and Confucian etiquette.