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由于城市公路交通隧道能够疏散城市地面交通、减少道路用地,其建设数量和规模随着城市的发展日益增加。城市交通隧道最主要的灾害是火灾,本文在分析城市交通隧道相对于山区公路隧道在隧道结构、车流密度、火灾规律等方面特点的基础上,对其消防难点以及关键技术进行探讨,并指出了城市交通隧道火灾安全未来研究的方向。研究表明:国内城市交通隧道主要采用纵向通风模式,坡度、出入口、竖井设置对控制烟气的临界风速影响远大于非城市公路隧道。采用数值模拟技术结合局部现场试验是研究隧道火灾烟气扩散合理可行的手段,开展隧道火灾羽流复杂的时空行为基础研究以及发展场-网模拟技术将有益于城市交通隧道通风、防排烟设计和火灾安全水平的提高。
As urban highway traffic tunnels can evacuate urban ground transportation and reduce road use, the number and scale of their construction will increase with the development of cities. The main disaster of urban traffic tunnel is fire. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of urban traffic tunnel with respect to mountainous highway tunnel in terms of tunnel structure, traffic flow density and fire law, this paper discusses its fire-fighting difficulties and key technologies, The Future Research of Fire Safety in Urban Traffic Tunnels. The results show that the longitudinal ventilation modes are mainly adopted in the domestic urban traffic tunnels. The influence of gradient, entrance, and vertical shaft setting on the critical wind speed of flue gas is much greater than that of non-urban highway tunnels. The combination of numerical simulation and local field test is a reasonable and feasible method to study the smoke diffusion in tunnel fire. It is very important to carry out the basic research on the complex space-time behavior of tunnel fire plume and to develop the field-network simulation technology to be beneficial to the ventilation and smoke control design of urban traffic tunnel And fire safety levels improve.