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尼采、海德格尔和福柯这三位思想家以其各自独有的方式揭示了现代世界的虚无主义本质,他们三人都在现代文化之中看到了某种走向毁灭和衰落的趋势。将尼采、海德格尔与福柯的不同观念联结的线索是这样一个信念:虚无主义是现代性自身的结果,更是内在于西方历史之中的各种不同的遮蔽和遗忘的结果。这些遮蔽或遗忘在尼采那里被表达为在我们的道德化解释模式背后的被压抑了的谱系,而在海德格尔那里则表现为西方形而上学中对“存在”问题的取消。福柯和海德格尔都在尼采的著作中发现了超越虚无主义的最有效的早期表达,尽管他们三人的路径各有不同,但是他们都强调解蔽的“治疗”属性,并立志通过揭露被西方哲学传统掩盖起来了的原始经验来克服虚无主义的危机。
The three thinkers, Nietzsche, Heidegger and Foucault, reveal in their own unique ways the nihilistic nature of the modern world. All three of them saw in the modern culture some tendency toward destruction and decline. The clues linking the different notions of Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Foucault are the conviction that nihilism is the result of modernity itself and is the result of various shades and oblivions inherent in Western history. These obscuring or forgetting are expressed in Nietzsche as repressed pedigrees behind our mode of moral explanation, while in Heidegger there is a cancellation of the question of “existence” in Western metaphysics. Both Foucault and Heidegger find the most effective early expression of nihilism found in Nietzsche’s writings, and although they all have different paths, they emphasize the “cure” attribute and are determined Overcome the nihilism crisis by exposing the original experience obscured by the tradition of Western philosophy.