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“总体而言,文学太特殊,与社会、历史、政治联系太紧密,除了训练有素的文学专家外,其余人无法欣赏其价值。”[1]但从另一方面来讲,“文学作品的‘意义’存在于读者的脑海里,这种意义部分形成于读者的阅读过程,部分形成于个人经验,而仅仅有非常少的一部分是由原文提供的线索。即使‘意义’或阐释也并非最初的兴趣点,作品的技巧也不可能通过一板一眼的脱离上下文的分析而获得。近期,受到语用学和认知语言学的启发,语言研究现在可以提供系统的、有原则的方法来讨论上述问题[1]”。“在阅读文学作品的过程中,最重要的是理解文本,特别是叙事文本,而这依靠的是对文本‘世界’的认知再现——文本中的一系列事情、事件和关系。这不仅仅包含想象在文本世界所‘发生’的一系列事件的能力,还包含思考和理解文本世界中所想象的、希望的、假设的事件的能力[2]。”认知诗学就是在探讨文学作品内部结构、情节发展等方面具有一定的优势,通过分析可以了解小说运行的内在机制。本文接下来将运用认知诗学中的“可能世界”理论对英国作家戴维·洛奇的小说《小世界》(1984)进行分析。
“In general, literature is too special, too close to society, history and politics, and its value can not be appreciated by all except the well-trained literary experts.” 1 On the other hand, “The meaning of a literary work exists in the reader’s mind, which is partly formed in the reading process of the reader, partly in personal experience, and only a very small part of it is clues provided by the original text.” Even if ’meaning’ or Interpretation is not an original point of interest, nor is art work gaining a glimpse of a context-free analysis, and recent studies inspired by pragmatics and cognitive linguistics can now provide a systematic and principled approach To discuss the above issue [1] “. ”The most important thing in reading literary works is to understand the text, especially the narrative text, which relies on the cognitive reproduction of the text ’world’ - a series of things, events and relationships in the text. Not only the ability to imagine a series of events that “take place” in the textual world, but also the ability to think and understand the imaginary, desired, hypothetical events in the textual world.2 “Cognitive poetics is about Explore the inner structure of literature, plot development has some advantages, through analysis can understand the operation of the novel’s internal mechanism. This article will next use the theory of ”world of possible “ in cognitive poetics to analyze the novel ”Little World" by British writer David Lodge (1984).