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本研究采用小麦叶锈菌的4个单孢菌株和由这4个单孢菌株组成的1个混合菌株,分别对5个小麦慢锈品种接种,继代繁殖8代和16代后,对所表现的潜伏期、侵染效能和产孢量进行测定,并提出用病害量=1/潜伏期×侵染效能×产孢量作为参数来评价相对寄生适合度。结果表明,继代互作后,潜伏期、侵染效能或产孢量在某些特定的品种:菌株组合中发生了显著变化,并相应地导致病害量也发生了显著变化。说明通过小麦叶锈菌与小麦品种间的继代互作,可以导致叶锈菌的相对寄生适合度发生变异。但这些变异,未能导致慢锈品种变为快锈品种或快锈品种变为慢锈品种。为了检查寄生适合度属性的变异是否由于锈菌本身的变异,对各组合的第1、8和16代的叶锈菌的夏孢子芽管的核相进行了观察,并进行小种鉴定。结果表明,继代互作后锈菌出现的异核现象仅占0.18—2.00%,不能解释是寄生适合度发生变化的原因。小种鉴定,也没有观察到毒性发生变异。作者认为,在寄主和病原物长期相互作用的过程中,一些微观上的变异未必能在宏观上观察到,当人们检查到明显的变化时,可能是由于突变,也可能是由于渐变造成的。量变质变,质变建立在量变基础上。
In this study, four strains of single-spore strain of wheat leaf rust and a mixed strain consisting of these four monospore strains were inoculated on five wheat varieties with slow rust. After 8 generations and 16 generations, respectively, The latent period, the infectivity and the sporulation rate were determined, and the relative parasitic fitness was evaluated using the disease amount = 1 / latency × infectivity × sporulation as parameters. The results showed that after the intergenerational interaction, the incubation period, the infectivity or sporulation amount changed markedly in some specific species: combination of strains, and correspondingly resulted in significant changes in disease amount. The results showed that the relative parasitism fitness of leaf rust could be changed by the intergenerational interaction between wheat leaf rust and wheat. However, these variations did not result in the slow rust varieties becoming fast rust varieties or fast rust varieties becoming slow rust varieties. In order to examine whether the variation of the parasitic suitability attribute was due to the variation of the rusty fungus itself, the nuclear phase of the uredospore of the leaf rusts of the first, the eighth, and the 16th generations of the combinations was observed and the races were identified. The results showed that the occurrence of heterophilus in the secondary generation after rust generation accounted for only 0.18-2.00%, which could not explain the reason for the change of parasitic fitness. Race identification, nor observed changes in toxicity. The authors suggest that some microscopic variability may not be macroscopically observed during the long-term interactions between the host and the pathogen, and may be due to mutations or a gradual change when people detect significant changes. Quantitative metamorphism change, qualitative change is based on the quantitative.