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目的研究平顶山市麻疹流行特征,为消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法对平顶山市2013年麻疹疫情进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2013年全市共报告麻疹确诊病例127例,报告发病率为25.83/100万;流行毒株主要是麻疹病毒HIa等5个基因型。3~4月份是发病高峰;0~2岁龄儿童为主,占报告发病数的83.46%,其中小于8月龄病例48例(37.80%);8~12月龄病例59例(46.46%),确诊病例中80.31%无麻疹类疫苗免疫史。结论常规免疫接种率低,免疫空白、原发或继发性免疫效果下降是造成麻疹高发的主要原因,提示麻疹防控任务艰巨,应进一步做好麻疹疫苗常规免疫和查漏补种,规范开展病例监测与管理,有效控制麻疹疫情。
Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Pingdingshan and provide a scientific basis for the elimination of measles. Methods Epidemiological analysis of measles epidemics in Pingdingshan in 2013 was conducted. Results In 2013, a total of 127 cases of measles were reported in the city, with a reported incidence of 25.83 / 100 million. The epidemic strains were mainly genotypes including HIa. 3 to 4 months is the peak incidence; 0 to 2 years old children, accounting for 83.46% of the reported incidence, of which less than 8 months of age in 48 cases (37.80%); 8 to 12 months of age in 59 cases (46.46% , 80.31% of confirmed cases without measles vaccine immunization history. Conclusion The low rate of routine immunization, blank immunization and the decrease of primary or secondary immune effect are the main causes of high incidence of measles, suggesting that the task of measles prevention and control is arduous. We should further conduct routine immunization and leak detection of measles vaccine, Case monitoring and management, effective control of measles epidemic.