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一般认为,文学理论往往基于理论原点,根 据某种现实性进行逻辑推演,形成普适性的体系 框架,而批评则是对具体现象或作品或思潮进行 把握,区分文学与非文学、确定其意义,以便于形 成经典杰作的等级体系。但在当代文艺学领域, 出现了一个重要的趋向,即:批评越来越不像原 本意义上的批评,而逐渐向理论的方向靠拢:与 此同时,理论也越来越不像原本意义上的理论, 而往往化身为具体的批评。批评与理论原先似乎 分立为两个领域,但如今批评的理论化与理论的 批评化相向而行,相反相成,逐渐地形成了当代 的所谓“批评理论”。本文简要分析这种批评理论 出现的现实原因和当代意味,试图把握批评理论 潜在的研究策略。
Generally, literary theory is often based on theoretical origin, logical deduction based on a certain reality, the formation of a universal system framework, and criticism is to grasp the specific phenomenon or work or thought, to distinguish between literature and non-literature to determine its meaning , In order to form a hierarchy of classic masterpieces. However, in the field of contemporary literary studies, an important trend has emerged: criticism is less and less like criticism in the original sense, and gradually moves toward the direction of theory: at the same time, the theory is less and less the original Of the theory, and often incarnate as a specific criticism. Although criticism and theory seem to have been divided into two areas, the theorization of criticism is now opposed to the criticism of theory. On the contrary, it gradually forms the so-called “theory of criticism”. This article briefly analyzes the realistic reasons and contemporary meanings of this critical theory and attempts to grasp the potential research strategies of critical theory.