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目的探讨平凉地区住院呼吸道感染患儿的EB病毒(EBV)感染率及临床特征,为疾病的早期诊断提供理论依据。方法随机选取2014年1月-2015年1月因呼吸道感染收治住院的患儿1 312例,通过ELISA法检测患儿血清EBV、支原体、衣原体、柯萨奇病毒、腺病毒及呼吸道合胞病毒的免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)抗体水平,获取住院呼吸道感染患儿的EBV感染率及上述其他病原体的合并感染情况。对患儿性别、年龄、民族及感染季节进行单因素分析,总结并归纳EBV感染的高危因素及主要临床特征。结果 1 312例住院呼吸道感染患儿中,463例感染EBV,感染率为35.29%。EBV抗体阳性患儿中,合并其他病原体感染的比例由高到低依次为柯萨奇病毒(27.65%)、支原体(15.55%)、腺病毒(11.02%)、呼吸道合胞病毒(10.15%)和衣原体(5.62%)。男性患儿的EBV感染率为35.08%,女性患儿的EBV感染率为35.56%;选取的患儿为汉族和回族,经卡方检验,不同性别及民族患儿EBV感染率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。全年均有患儿感染EBV,夏、秋两季感染率较高,分别为43.85%和44.36%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各年龄段均有患儿感染EBV,其中3~7岁年龄段患儿的EBV感染率最高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。EBV感染患儿的临床特征多种多样,绝大部分表现为发热、咽峡炎、淋巴结肿大、血沉增快、白细胞计数>10.0×109/L、C-反应蛋白及单核细胞升高。结论 EBV是住院呼吸道感染患儿的重要病原体之一,对于夏秋季节呼吸道感染的学龄前患儿应高度警惕,及时给予针对EBV的实验室检查对指导治疗有重要意义。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in children with respiratory tract infections in Pingliang area and provide a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis of the disease. Methods A total of 1312 children admitted to hospital for respiratory tract infections from Jan 2014 to Jan 2015 were enrolled in this study. Serum EBV, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Coxsackie, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody levels, EBV infection rate in children with respiratory tract infections and the above-mentioned co-infection of other pathogens. Univariate analysis of the gender, age, ethnicity and season of infection summarized and summarized the risk factors and main clinical features of EBV infection. Results Of the 1 312 hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection, 463 were infected with EBV and the infection rate was 35.29%. Among the EBV-positive children, the co-infection rates of other pathogens from high to low were Coxsackie virus (27.65%), Mycoplasma (15.55%), Adenovirus (11.02%), Respiratory syncytial virus Chlamydia (5.62%). EBV infection rate was 35.08% in males and 35.56% in females. The selected children were Han nationality and Hui nationality. There was no statistical difference in EBV infection rates among children of different sexes and nationalities by chi-square test Significance (P> 0.05). The infection rate of EBV in children was higher than that in the whole year, and the infection rates in summer and autumn were higher (43.85% and 44.36% respectively). There was significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). EBV infection was found in all age groups, of which EBV infection rate was the highest in children aged 3-7 years, with significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). The clinical features of children with EBV infection are diverse, most of which are fever, angina, swollen lymph nodes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count> 10.0 × 109 / L, elevated C-reactive protein and monocytes. Conclusions EBV is one of the most important pathogens in children with respiratory tract infections in hospital and should be highly vigilant for preschool children with respiratory tract infections in summer and autumn. It is of great significance to timely give EBV laboratory tests to guide the treatment.