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目的探讨母体铅暴露对仔鼠学习记忆能力和神经反射功能的影响。方法将孕鼠随机分为3组,从妊娠期第1天至仔鼠出生第20天断乳分别饮用双蒸水(正常对照组)、1g/L醋酸铅溶液(低剂量组)、10g/L醋酸铅溶液(高剂量组),建立铅中毒动物模型。定期称其体质量,进行水迷宫实验测试20日龄仔鼠的学习记忆能力;悬崖回避和平面翻正实验测试5日龄仔鼠的神经反射功能。采用石墨炉原子吸收分光光谱仪测定21日龄仔鼠血铅水平。结果仔鼠在水迷宫实验中,连续4d平均逃避潜伏期低、高剂量组间比较及其与正常对照组比较均有显著性差异(Pa<0.01)。仔鼠在悬崖回避实验中,所需时间随母鼠铅暴露剂量增加而增加,低、高剂量组间比较及其与正常对照组比较均有显著性差异(Pa<0.05);在平面翻正实验中,低剂量组所需时间与正常对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),高剂量组所需时间显著长于正常对照组(P<0.01)。血铅水平低、高剂量组比较及与正常对照组比较均有显著性差异(Pa<0.01)。结论母体铅暴露不仅影响仔鼠生长发育及学习记忆能力,而且损伤其神经反射功能。
Objective To explore the effects of maternal lead exposure on learning and memory ability and reflex function in offspring. Methods Pregnant mice were randomly divided into 3 groups. From the 1st day of gestation to the 20th day of birth, weaning rats received distilled water (normal control group), 1g / L lead acetate solution (low dose group), 10g / L Lead acetate solution (high dose group), established animal model of lead poisoning. Periodically weighed and weighed, the water maze test was used to test the learning and memory ability of 20-day-old offspring. The cliff avoidance and plane turn-over test were used to test the neurological reflex function of 5-day-old offspring. Blood lead levels in 21-day-old offspring were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results In the water maze test, the average escape latency of the rats in the water maze test for 4 days was lower than that in the normal control group (P <0.01). In the avoidance experiments on the cliffs, the time required by the offspring increased with the increase of the lead exposure dose in maternal rats. There was a significant difference (P <0.05) between the low and high dose groups and the normal control group (P <0.05) In the experiment, the time required for the low dose group was no significant difference compared with the normal control group (P> 0.05), and the time required for the high dose group was significantly longer than that of the normal control group (P <0.01). Blood lead levels were low, high-dose group compared with the normal control group were significantly different (Pa <0.01). Conclusion Maternal lead exposure not only affects the growth and development of learning and memory, but also impairs the reflex function.