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先农和灵星是秦汉时期重要的地方农神祭祀。传世文献中对郡县先农祭祀的记载较为简略,本文考察了里耶“祠先农”校券和周家台“祠先农”简。从里耶秦简来看,秦代郡县已出现有规律的先农祭祀活动,其传统应可上溯至先秦。周家台秦简反映的是一种巫术性质浓厚的民间祭祀,与里耶祠先农校券性质不同。灵星祭祀始发于西汉,所祀对象为心宿(龙星)中的一组小星,以祈雨为主要诉求。农神祭祀与农业生产及基层生活息息相关,因此盛于郡县。后代地方农神祭祀多承自秦汉,虽易代而不易。
Farmers and Ling Xing is an important place during the Qin and Han Dynasties goddess worship. In the handed down literature, the records of sacrificial offering to the forerunners in the counties and prefectures are relatively simple. This paper examines the teaching materials of Liye “Xiannongnong ” and Zhoujiantai “Xiannong ”. Qin Dynasty from the Qin Dynasty, Qin Dynasty counties have appeared a regular forebear ritual activities, its tradition should be traced back to the pre-Qin Dynasty. Zhou Jiantai Qin Jian reflects a kind of thick witchcraft folk sacrifices, and the nature of the leh temple Ancestral certificates of different nature. Lingxing sacrificial ritual originated in the Western Han Dynasty, the object of worship for the heart of the (Lone Star) in a group of small stars, to pray for the rain as the main appeal. Nonghyong worship and agricultural production and grass-roots life are closely related, so flourished in the county. Offspring local god of the earth more sacrificial rituals from the Qin and Han dynasties, although not easily replaced on behalf of.