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目前肺结核和肺外结核仍广泛流行于全球，肺外结核成为研究热点之一，肺外结核发病率及其与结核病的构成比发生了较大变化，全球不同国家、地区差异较大，不同研究报道性别、不同年龄组间的分布结果也不完全一致，甚至出现矛盾性研究结果。肺外结核的发病率和患病率可能受到低估，可能与肺外结核重视程度不够、确诊手段不充分和确诊率低等多因素有关，使其治愈率始终低于肺结核，给全球结核病疫情控制带来挑战。本文查阅了近年来肺外结核流行病学有关文献，分别从肺外结核定义、全球肺外结核流行特征、不同类型肺外结核的相互关系、肺外结核风险增加因素、分析及建议5个方面进行了综述，供同道借鉴。“,”Currently, tuberculosis, including both pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) still widely spread worldwide. EPTB has become one of research hotspots, changes in the incidence of EPTB and its composition in TB have occurred, the situation varied with country and region. The age and gender distributions of EPTB cases were different, even contradicted, indicated by different studies. The incidence rate and prevalence rate of EPTB might be underestimated due to insufficient attention paid to EPTB, inadequate diagnostic methods and low diagnosis rate. The cure rate of EPTB is always lower than PTB, posing challenges to global TB control. This paper summarizes the progress in research of EPTB epidemiology in recent years in terms of EPTB definition, epidemiological characteristics of EPTB in the world, correlation of different EPTB and related risk factors to provide reference for the prevention and control of EPTB.