Microalgae-enabled photosynthetic alleviation of tumor hypoxia for enhanced nanotherapies

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Hypoxia is a common feature of the most solid tumors attributing to the rapid growth and abnormal proliferation of the vascular system [1], which unfortunately causes the resistance of tumor cells to oxygen-dependent cancer-therapeutic modalities, such as the well-known and well-demonstrated radiotherapy (RT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) [2].In particular, the therapeutic efficacy of PDT has been substantially restricted by hypoxia based on the limited conversion of oxygen (O2) to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that usually deteriorates the degree of hypoxia in turn.
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