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原子的电离势,电子亲合势都是元素的重要物理性质,而且是结构化学中常用的键参数。近年来,由于量子化学有了突飞猛进发展,出现了崭新局而,特别是实验新手段应运而生,元素的许多物理性质:电导,半导体,超导体,禁带宽度,迁移率等等,以及电离势,电子亲合势等,都在不同程度上与原子外层电子的运动规律有关。也就是与化学键性质有关。因此,本文侧重介绍电子亲合势的实验值。原子的电离势可以定义为:在O°K时,一个气体基态A原子失去一个电子而成为气态的一价正离子所需要消耗的能量,叫原子的第一电离努。通常用I_1表示。第二电离势I_2就是一价正离子再失去一个电子而成为二价正离子所需的能量,余类推。即
The ionization potential of the atom and the electron affinity are all important physical properties of the element, and they are the key parameters commonly used in structural chemistry. In recent years, quantum chemistry has grown by leaps and bounds. There have been new developments. Especially new experimental methods emerged. Many physical properties of the elements: conductance, semiconductors, superconductors, band gaps, mobility, etc., and ionization potentials. Electron affinity, etc., are related to the laws of motion of atomic electrons at different levels. That is, the nature of the chemical bond. Therefore, this article focuses on the experimental values of electron affinity. The ionization potential of an atom can be defined as the energy consumed by a gaseous ground state A atom to lose one electron and become a gaseous monovalent positive ion at O°K, which is called the first ionization state of the atom. Usually expressed as I_1. The second ionization potential I_2 is the energy required for the monovalent positive ion to lose one electron and become a divalent positive ion, and so on. which is