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目的深入了解汽车制造企业的噪声危害程度及其对工人健康产生的影响,探讨对噪声强度产生影响的因素。方法采用多次横断面调查,分析某汽车制造企业2008—2012年的噪声强度监测数据及接触噪声工人的职业健康检查结果。结果不同工种所接触到的噪声强度的差异有统计学意义(F=10.098,P<0.01),冲压工的电测听异常率最高(9.8%),单纯接触噪声和接触毒物联合噪声的工人电测听异常率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论车间中噪声的强度除了与设备、工艺有关外,还与生产岗位的布局有关;职业病危害因素对人体的危害具有累积性和延迟性。
Objective To understand the extent of noise pollution and its impact on workers’ health in automobile manufacturing enterprises and to explore the factors that affect the noise intensity. Methods A series of cross-sectional surveys were conducted to analyze the noise intensity monitoring data of an automobile manufacturing enterprise from 2008 to 2012 and the occupational health examination results of workers exposed to noise. Results There was a significant difference in noise intensity between different types of workers (F = 10.098, P <0.01). The abnormal rate of electric audiometry was the highest among punching workers (9.8%). Workers’ There was no significant difference in abnormal rate of audiometry (P> 0.05). Conclusion The intensity of noise in the workshop is related to the layout of production positions in addition to the equipment and technology. The hazards of occupational disease hazards to the human body are cumulative and delaying.