论文部分内容阅读
目的:探讨血管外肺水监测在小儿法乐四联症(TOF)根治术后快速康复中的临床应用价值.方法:小儿TOF根治手术患者43例,应用脉搏指数连续心排量(PICCO)监测技术,分别在手术后返回小儿加强监护病房(PICU)即刻、术后6 h、12 h、18 h及24 h监测并记录脉搏轮廓连续心输出量指数( PCCI)、全心舒张末期容量指数( GEDI)、每搏量变化率(SVV)、外周血管阻力指数(SVRI)、全心射血分数(GEF)、左心室收缩力指数(dPmax)、血管外肺水指数(EVWI)及肺血管通透性指数(PVPI).同时监测心率、血压、中心静脉压及左心房压、液体出入量等常规监测指标,记录机械通气时间、住PICU时间以及二次气管插管、二次体-肺侧支封堵或结扎及其它并发症等临床事件.根据术后机械通气时间分成两组:机械通气≤24 h者为快速恢复组(n=29),机械通气>24 h则为延迟恢复组(n=14).结果:与延迟恢复组比较,快速恢复组机械通气时间 [(14.2±8.0) h vs (86.3±44.5 ) h]、住PICU 时间[(2.5±1.7) d vs(5.3±3.6)d] 均较短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在返PICU即刻、术后6 h、12 h、18 h和24 h的PVPI测量值(4.9±1.3 vs 6.4±1.5、5.1±1.8 vs 6.5±1.3、4.8±2.0 vs 6.5±1.6、4.4±1.1vs 6.9±1.8和4.4±2.5 vs 6.5±2.2)均显著降低(P均<0.05);且在术后12 h及18 h的ELWI[(20.9±6.1) ml/kg vs (26.8±5.7) ml/kg、(19.1±5.5)ml/kg vs (26.7±5.5)ml/kg ]亦均降低(P均24h, n=14. Results: Compared with group D, group R had the shorter mechanical ventilation time (14.2±8.0) h vs (86.3±44.5) h and PICU stay time (2.5±1.7) days vs (5.3±3.6) days, both P<0.05; decreased PVPI at immediately enter PICU and 6h, 12h, 18h, 24h post-operation as (4.9±1.3 vs 6.4±1.5),(5.1±1.8 vs 6.5±1.3),(4.8±2.0 vs 6.5±1.6),(4.4±1.1vs 6.9±1.8), (4.4±2.5 vs 6.5±2.2) respectively, all P<0.05; Lower ELWI at 12h and 18h post-operation as(20.9±6.1) ml/kg vs (26.8±5.7) ml/kg and(19.1±5.5) ml/kg vs (26.7±5.5)ml/kg, both P<0.05. Group R had no patient received re-occlusion of MAPCAs after operation, while Group D had 3. No death, no catheter-related complication occurred in either group. Conclusion: MAPCAs may increase extravascular lung water, pulmonary vascular permeability and cause lung perfusion, therefore affect the early recovery of complete repair of pediatric TOF. PICCO monitoring may conduct bedside quantitative observation of lung perfusion, combining with ELWI and PVPI, clinicians may identify and manage MAPCAs as necessity for rapid recovery in relevant patients.