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对1923～2008年间育成的吉林省主推的57个大豆品种按中早熟、中熟和中晚熟品种进行分类,研究了不同熟期组品种各冠层农艺性状和叶片部分光合特性指标的演化趋势及其与产量的关系。结果表明,各熟期品种的产量、百粒重、株高、单株叶面积、叶柄长、始粒期的光合速率和SPAD与育成年代均成正相关,单株分枝数与育成年代成负相关;单株荚数、单株荚重、单株粒数、单株粒重、单株茎重、始粒期SPAD与产量成正相关,其中单株荚重与产量显著相关。总体上看,中早熟和中晚熟品种各性状的演化趋势及其与产量的关系较相似,它们的百粒重、株高、单株粒数、单株叶面积、叶柄长、始粒期光合速率及始粒期SPAD与育成年代及产量都成正相关;始粒期SPAD在所有性状中表现最稳定,在各熟期组中与育成年代及产量均成正相关。
The classification of agronomic traits and leaf photosynthetic characteristics of 57 soybean cultivars cultivated in Jilin Province from 1923 to 2008 were classified according to the types of middle-early maturity, medium maturity and middle-late maturity varieties. Its relationship with yield. The results showed that the yield, 100-grain weight, plant height, leaf area per plant, petiole length, photosynthetic rate and SPAD in grain-maturing period were positively correlated with each generation, and the number of branches per plant was negative The number of pod per plant, the pod weight per plant, the number of single plant per plant, the grain weight per plant, the stem weight per plant and the SPAD of grain weight per plant were positively correlated with the yield. The pod weight per plant was significantly correlated with the yield. In general, the evolution trend of the characters of middle-early maturing and middle-late maturing varieties and their relationship with yield were similar. Their 100-grain weight, plant height, grain number per plant, leaf area per plant, petiole length, photosynthesis The rate and initial grain-filling period (SPAD) were positively correlated with the breeding age and yield. During the grain-filling stage, SPAD was the most stable among all the traits, and positively correlated with the sowing date and yield in each maturity stage.