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企业家阶层的形成及其意义 1.企业家的概念及其内涵 目前对什么是企业家国内尚无一个统一而明确的定义。在国外,学者们对企业家的论述也不尽一致。法国早期政治经济学代表人物萨伊(1964)认为,企业家是冒险家,是把土地、劳动力、资本这三个要素结合在一起进行活动的第四个生产要素,他承担着可能破产的风险,英国剑桥学派创始人马歇尔(1964)认为,企业家是以自己的创新力、洞察力和统率力,发现和消除市场的不均衡性,创造交易机会和效用,给生产过程指出方向,使生产要素组织化的人。美国经济学家熊彼特(1957)认为,企业家是不断在经济结构内部进行“革命突变”,对旧的生产方式进行“创造性破坏”,实现生产要素的新组合的人,是推动国民经济向前发展的主体。美国当代著
The formation and significance of entrepreneurial stratum 1. The concept of entrepreneurs and their connotations There is no unified and clear definition of what constitutes entrepreneurship. In foreign countries, scholars’ arguments about entrepreneurs are not always the same. Say (1964), a representative of France’s early political economy, believes that entrepreneurs are adventurers and are the fourth production factor that combines the three elements of land, labor, and capital to carry out activities. He bears the risk of bankruptcy. Marshall (1964), the founder of the Cambridge School in the United Kingdom, believes that entrepreneurs use their own innovation, insight and command to discover and eliminate market imbalances, create trading opportunities and effectiveness, and point the production process to production. Elements organized by people. The American economist Schumpeter (1957) believes that entrepreneurs are constantly performing “revolutionary mutations” within the economic structure, “creative destruction” of old production methods, and the realization of a new combination of factors of production is the promotion of the national economy. The main body of development. American Contemporary