论美国刑事搜查中的合理根据规则

• 作 者: 马秀娟
• 机 构: 山西大学法学院,
• 出 处: 山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
• 发表日期: 2013年04期
• 关键词: 美国刑事搜查制度 合理根据规则 法理基础 判断

美国刑事搜查中的合理根据规则体现了对公民个人隐私、自由和财产等宪法权益的重要保障。其设立首先是为了防止政府滥用权力,同时也确实保障公民的合法隐私期待,在此基础上维护政府与公民之间的信任关系。搜查时是否申请令状、对权利侵扰的强弱及隐私期待的程度都会影响对合理根据的判断和考量。

The reasonable bases of rules in criminal investigation in the United States embody the important guarantee for the constitutional rights and interests of citizens such as individual privacy, freedom and property. The first is to prevent the government from abuse of power, but also to ensure the legitimate privacy expectations of citizens, on this basis, to maintain the trust between the government and citizens. Whether or not to apply for a warrant during a search, the extent to which the rights invade and the extent to which privacy is expected to affect the judgments and considerations of reasonable grounds.