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支气管-肺感染指支气管、肺实质与肺间质的急慢性感染,包括急性支气管炎、慢性支气管炎急性发作、支气管扩张症并发感染、支气管肺炎、大叶性肺炎、肺脓肿、弥漫性肺间质纤维化与任何原因导致支气管引流不畅、误吸和严重免疫功能低下所继发的各种感染。其病原体有病毒、细菌、支原体、衣原体、真菌和原虫,其中以各种细菌为最常见。选用抗菌药物最主要依据是痰、气管吸取物的细菌学检查与药物敏感性测验,经验选择的原则是首先要区分是院外感染抑或院内感染。其次,有无支气管-肺的基础疾病、既往用药(抗生素)情况、机体的免疫状况和药代动力学的特点等。痰细菌学涂片革兰染色镜检仅能作出大致的判断,而细菌培养又需时日和设备条件的要求,气管吸取物的细菌学检查参
Bronchus-lung infection refers to the acute and chronic bronchial, pulmonary parenchymal and interstitial lung infections, including acute bronchitis, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, concurrent bronchiectasis, bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia, pulmonary abscess, diffuse lung Fibrosis and any reason leading to poor bronchial drainage, aspiration and severe immunocompromised secondary to a variety of infections. Its pathogens are viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, chlamydia, fungi and protozoa, of which a variety of bacteria are the most common. The main basis for the selection of antimicrobial agents is bacteriological and drug susceptibility testing of sputum and tracheal aspirates. The principle of empirical choice is to first distinguish between nosocomial infections and nosocomial infections. Second, whether there are bronchial-pulmonary underlying diseases, past medication (antibiotics), the immune status of the body, and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Sputum bacteriology smear Gram-stain microscopy can only make a rough judgment, and bacterial culture takes time and equipment requirements, bacteriological examination of tracheal aspirate