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目的了解天津市近年来急性乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)发病趋势和特征,初步找出主要感染危险因素。方法 2005-2013年急性乙肝疫情数据来自《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》,采用描述流行病学分析人群、时间和地区流行特征及趋势等;病例感染危险因素调查数据来自2013年报告急性乙肝病例的问卷调查,调查内容包括人口基本信息、危险因素、疫苗接种等情况。结果 2005-2013年累计报告急性乙肝3298例,死亡4例,发病率为3.07/10万(χ2趋势=567.265,P=0.000),预测2014年报告发病率为1.11/10万。报告发病率<20岁人群为1.07/10万,低于≥20岁人群的3.53/10万(χ2=323.378,P=0.000)。男性报告发病率4.44/10万,高于女性1.61/10万(χ2=701.001,P=0.000);感染可疑因素中密切接触者有乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性者比例最高为20.12%(33/164),其次为私人场所口腔诊疗发生率12.80%(21/164);病例乙肝疫苗接种率仅为5.49%(9/164)。结论天津市属于急性乙肝低发病率地区,计划免疫乙肝疫苗接种覆盖人群控制效果较好;密切接触者中有HBsAg阳性、私人场所口腔诊疗史和疫苗接种率低可能为现阶段感染急性乙肝的主要危险因素。
Objective To understand the trend and characteristics of acute hepatitis B (hepatitis B) in Tianjin in recent years and initially identify the main risk factors for infection. Methods The data of Acute Hepatitis B outbreak in 2005-2013 were from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of population, time and region, etc. The survey data of risk factors for case infection were from 2013 cases of acute hepatitis B Questionnaire survey, the survey includes the basic population information, risk factors, vaccination and so on. Results A total of 3298 cases of acute hepatitis B and 4 deaths were reported from 2005 to 2013, with a morbidity of 3.07 / 100 000 (χ2 trend = 567.265, P = 0.000). The predicted incidence in 2014 was 1.11 / 100,000. The reported incidence was 1.07 / lakh in 20-year-olds and 3.53 / lakh in chi-20-year-olds (χ2 = 323.378, P = 0.000). The incidence rate of male was 4.44 / 100000, higher than that of female 1.61 / 100000 (χ2 = 701.001, P = 0.000). The highest proportion of those with close contact with suspected hepatitis B virus was HBsAg positive (20.12%) / 164), followed by the incidence of oral clinics in private places was 12.80% (21/164); only 5.49% (9/164) of cases were vaccinated. Conclusion Tianjin belongs to the low incidence of acute hepatitis B, and the planned immunization coverage of hepatitis B vaccination is better. Among the close contacts, there are HBsAg positive, the history of private clinic consultation and vaccination may be the main reason of acute hepatitis B infection Risk factors.