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局部眼睛用药是治疗眼部疾病最常用的方法。然而,普通制剂在眼部的生物利用度很低,这使得许多药物对眼部疾病的防治效果并不理想,也给眼部疾病治疗带来了巨大挑战。近年来,纳米制剂在眼部给药系统中得到了广泛应用。目前,几种纳米载体新剂型如聚合物胶束、纳米粒、纳米混悬剂、脂质体、乳剂和树枝状聚合物已被开发,用于眼部给药系统;还有一些其他的新剂型如原位凝胶载体系统、植入剂、隐形眼镜和微针也在不断地研究中。研发这些新剂型的最终目的都是提高药物的生物利用度及治疗效果。笔者对这些方面近年来的发展做一综述,以期为开发新型眼部给药系统提供参考。
Local eye medication is the most commonly used method of treatment of eye diseases. However, the low bioavailability of common preparations in the eyes makes many drugs less effective in preventing and treating ocular diseases and poses a great challenge to the treatment of ocular diseases. In recent years, nano-formulations have been widely used in ocular drug delivery systems. Currently, several new nanocarrier dosage forms such as polymeric micelles, nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, liposomes, emulsions and dendrimers have been developed for ocular delivery systems; there are other new Dosage forms such as in situ gel carrier systems, implants, contact lenses and microneedles are also under constant investigation. The ultimate goal of developing these new dosage forms is to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the drug. The author reviews the development of these aspects in recent years in order to provide a reference for the development of new ophthalmic drug delivery system.