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林木遗传工程有利于保存林木遗传资源，改善全球气候，减轻自然林的过度采伐和满足人类日益增长的林木产品需求。控制林木真菌、病毒病、虫害和杂草的遗传工程方法正被广泛地研究和应用。尽管转基因林木的历史不长，种类不多，但它有广泛的应用前景。目前，抗除草剂基因、抗虫基因以及和木材质量相关的基因已被分离并应用于林木遗传工程。植物分子生物学和基因组学中的新技术使得高效林木遗传改良成为可能并将促进这些技术的商业化应用。木质素的应用已有一百年的历史，但木质素生物合成的全过程并不完全清楚。有关松树自然突变体和转基因林木的最新研究结果表明，木质素的生物合成是一个可以调节的过程。这些发现对完善木质素的生物合成途径、加深对木质素前体生物合成途径的理解和通过遗传工程改善木材质量有促进作用。本文综述了林木遗传工程在这些领域中取得的一些进展。
Forest genetic engineering helps conserve forest genetic resources, improve the global climate, reduce over-harvesting of natural forests and meet the growing demand for forest products from mankind. Genetic engineering methods for controlling forest fungi, viral diseases, insect pests and weeds are being widely studied and applied. Although the history of genetically modified trees is not long and not much, it has a wide range of applications. At present, herbicide resistance genes, insect resistance genes and genes related to wood quality have been isolated and applied to forest genetic engineering. New technologies in plant molecular biology and genomics make possible high-performance genetic improvement of trees and will promote the commercial use of these technologies. The application of lignin has a hundred years of history, but the whole process of lignin biosynthesis is not completely understood. The latest research on natural mutant pine trees and transgenic trees shows that lignin biosynthesis is a regulatable process. These findings have implications for improving the biosynthetic pathway of lignin, deepening understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of lignin precursors and improving the quality of wood through genetic engineering. This review summarizes some of the advances made in forest genetic engineering in these areas.