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导言分子遗传学这个分子生物学最显赫的分枝,是由对大肠杆菌以及寄生于它的众多的病毒所进行的广泛的研究发展起来的,而且现在的研究也仍然是集中在这个方面。动物病毒的遗传研究远为落后,主要是因为脊椎动物的二倍体细胞操作起来比大肠杆菌的单倍体细胞要困难得多。有效的动物病毒的遗传研究始于 Dulbecco 氏把空斑试验引入到脊惟动物的细胞(见第二章),随着细胞培养技术的改进、研究病毒及其组分的生物物理和生物化学技术的更为多种多样和更为精确、以及日益增多地利用条件致死突变型,这方面的研究得到了更进一步的发展。本章中我们将审查动物病毒学的两个方面:病毒基因组的突变和在混合感染的细胞中病毒遗传物质或其产物之间的交互作用。病毒基因组和细胞染色体组之间的交互作用将在第13
Introduction Molecular genetics, the most prominent branch of molecular biology, has been developed from a wide range of studies of E. coli and the large number of parasitic viruses in it, and the current research is still focused on this aspect. The genetic study of animal viruses is far behind, primarily because vertebrate diploid cells are much more difficult to manipulate than E. coli haploid cells. Genetic studies of potent animal viruses begin with Dulbecco’s introduction of plaque assays into the cells of the vertebrate (see Chapter 2). As cell culture techniques improve, biophysical and biochemical techniques to study viruses and their components More diverse and more accurate, as well as the increasing use of conditional lethal mutants, the research in this area has been further developed. In this chapter we examine two aspects of zoology: the mutation of the viral genome and the interaction between viral genetic material or its products in mixed infected cells. The interaction between the viral genome and the cell genome will be found in Section 13