试论铁路在近代后期美国经济转型中的地位

• 作 者: 汪建丰
• 机 构: 浙江湖州师专,
• 出 处: 历史教学
• 发表日期: 1993年08期
• 关键词: 美国经济 美国资本主义 经营管理体制 国家干预经济 企业组织 营运里程 古典组织理论 美国银行业 资金集中 摩根财团

19世纪后期20世纪初是美国资本主义经济发生重大变革的时期。这一时期美国资本主义经济逐渐由自由竞争转向集中垄断。其企业组织经营管理体制随之发生巨大变化,并出现了最初的国家干预经济的活动。在这种经济转型的进程中,铁路作为“19世纪最后40年美国经济发展的中心”,具有不容忽视的重要地位。这对于美国垄断资本的形成;企业组织经营管理体制的转变和最初的国家干预经济活动的产生都起到了一种先导性的作用。而以往史学界对此却少有研究。本文试图作一些粗浅的探讨,以求得同行们的指正。

The beginning of the 20th century in the late 19th century was a period of major changes in the capitalist economy in the United States. During this period, the capitalist economy in the United States gradually shifted from free competition to centralized monopoly. Its business management system has undergone tremendous changes, and the initial state intervention in the economy appeared. In this process of economic restructuring, the railway has an important position that can not be ignored as “the center of U.S. economic development in the last 40 years of the 19th century.” This played a leading role in the formation of the monopoly capital in the United States, the transformation of the management system of the enterprise organization and the initial state intervention in economic activities. Historically, historians have rarely studied this. This article attempts to make some superficial discussion, in order to obtain the colleague correctness.