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介入国际诉讼程序仅在案件当事国的同意下方可进行,该同意要么表现为对某一类事项的一般性同意,要么表现为对某特定案件或某特定介入请求的特别同意。这一点得到条约实践的证明。《联合国海洋法公约》(《公约》)及其附件七并未规定介入附件七仲裁程序的同意,不过介入可通过当事国在《公约》以外的单独同意进行。附件七第5条授权制定规则,该条不允许依该附件组建的仲裁庭在没有当事国同意时制定准许介入的规则。该仲裁庭也不具有任何独立于案件当事国同意的固有权力或管辖权,在没有当事国同意的情况下准许介入。任何介入机制的变革都会给《公约》下的仲裁制度和一般国际仲裁制度带来巨大伤害。
Intervening international proceedings can only be conducted with the consent of the parties to the case, either as general consent for a particular category of matter or as special consent for a particular case or for a particular intervention. This is evidenced by treaty practice. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (the “Convention”) and its annex VII do not provide for the consent to be involved in the arbitration proceedings in Annex VII, except that the intervention may be through separate consent of the State of the parties outside the Convention. Article 5 of Annex VII authorizes the establishment of a rule that does not allow an arbitral tribunal established on the basis of the annex to make rules that permit intervention without the consent of the parties. The arbitral tribunal also does not have any inherent right or jurisdiction, independent of the consent of the parties to the case, and is permitted to intervene without the consent of the parties. Any change in the mechanism of intervention will have a huge impact on the arbitration regime under the Convention and the general regime of international arbitration.