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针对传统基于轨道动力学模型及非线性滤波的星光折射间接敏感地平天文导航定位方法在实际应用中的局限性,建立了一种新的适用于高空飞行器(如航天器、航空器及导弹)的连续高度星光大气折射模型并提出了一种新的基于星光折射间接敏感地平的天文导航算法。首先,建立了飞行器、地球与星光折射高度之间的几何关系,推导了星光折射角与大气密度关系的表达式,并对传统星光大气折射模型的特点进行了分析。其次,基于标准大气数据,在研究地球平流层大气高度范围内的温度模型、压强模型、大气密度模型以及大气密度标高模型的基础上,建立了一种新的平流层范围内连续高度(20～50km)星光折射精确观测模型,并给出了连续高度星光大气折射随切线高度变化的经验公式;然后,提出了一种新的利用最小二乘微分校正法代替非线性滤波的间接敏感地平的天文定位算法,并对这种定位方法的定位精度进行了理论分析。该天文定位方法利用了星光折射间接敏感地平精度高的特点,又不需要飞行器运动的动力学模型也不需要任何先验知识,算法简单可靠,计算量小,而定位精度与传统方法相当。最后,通过计算机仿真,验证了这种天文定位方法的有效性。
Aiming at the limitations of the traditional indirect method based on orbital dynamics and non-linear filtering of star-refraction indirect ground-truth navigation method, a new method is developed for the continuation of high-altitude aircraft (such as spacecraft, aircraft and missile) A high degree of celestial atmospheric refraction model and a new celestial navigation algorithm based on indirect refraction of starlight. Firstly, the geometric relationship between the refraction height of the spacecraft and the earth and the stars is established. The expression of the relationship between the refraction angle and the atmospheric density is deduced. The characteristics of the traditional star atmospheric refraction model are also analyzed. Secondly, based on the standard atmospheric data, a series of new models of temperature, pressure, atmospheric density and atmospheric density in the stratospheric atmosphere are established. 50km) star refraction accurate observation model, and gives the continuous height of the atmospheric refraction with the tangential height of the empirical formula; and then proposed a new method of least squares differential correction instead of non-linear filter of the indirectly sensitive surface astronomy Positioning algorithm, and positioning accuracy of this method of positioning a theoretical analysis. The astronomical localization method takes advantage of the high precision of the indirect refraction of starlight and the dynamic model of the aircraft without any priori knowledge. The algorithm is simple and reliable, the calculation is small, and the positioning accuracy is comparable with the traditional method. Finally, the effectiveness of this method of astronomical localization is verified by computer simulation.