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The world’s highest-altitude civilian airport is put into use on September 16 in Daocheng County， southwest China’s Sichuan Province.
Located 4，411 meters above sea level， the airport is 159 km from Yading Nature Reserve that lies on the eastern part of the QinghaiTibetan Plateau. Inside China， Yading is known as “the last Shangri-La” and “the last pure land on the blue planet” for its scenery.
The airport will initially run a daily route between Daocheng and the Sichuan provincial capital of Chengdu， with a oneway ticket fare of 1，600 yuan （$261）.
Routes connecting Daocheng with Chongqing and Maerkang County， capital of Sichuan’s Aba Tibetan-Qiang Autonomous Prefecture， are expected to open before October 1.
Investment Plans
The State Council， China’s cabinet， encouraged private investment in care services focusing on the elderly as part of a program announced on September 13. China currently has the largest population of senior citizens in the world.
China aims to complete a social care network for its elderly by 2020， when the total number of senior citizens is expected to reach 243 million， according to the program.
Of the 44，000 retirement care institutions in China， an estimated 75 percent are sponsored by the government. Non-governmental institutions are having difficulty finding land and investment opportunities.
The new program marked breakthroughs in the areas of land allocation， tax and government subsidy policies， said Dang Junwu， Deputy Director of the China Research Center on Aging.
According to the new program， non-profit retirement care institutions sponsored by private investors will enjoy land use policies equal to their state-owned counterparts and be exempt from all administrative fees.
Expat Permits
Last year， China granted 1，202 permanent residency permits to foreign nationals， up more than 83 percent from 2011， China Daily reported on September 16.
More than half of the recipients came for reunions with family residing in China， while the rest were mostly professionals， executives and professors， according to the Ministry of Public Security’s Bureau of Exit and Entry Administration.
People with higher education backgrounds and business experience are more likely to get the permits.
Female Pilots
China’s State Oceanic Administration（SOA） recently began recruitment procedures in the search for two highly skilled female pilots to operate its deep-sea submersible. The administration said that it had received nearly 100 applications and most are recent graduates holding master’s degrees or doctorates.
The SOA will choose two female graduates with bachelor’s degrees or higher between the ages of 22 and 30， with a height between 1.6 to 1.7 meters and good eyesight.
In the meantime， four male pilots aged 22 to 35 with heights ranging between 1.65 to 1.76 meters are being selected， according to the SOA.
Aside from the physical requirements， potential candidates must also have an academic background in mechanical or electrical engineering.
Occupational Hazards
China reported a total of 24，206 new cases of pneumoconiosis in 2012， down 2，195 from the previous year， the National Health and Family Planning Commission said on September 16. Pneumoconiosis is a disease caused by the excessive inhalation of dust， usually during mining.
Cases of pneumoconiosis accounted for more than 88 percent of the country’s total reports of new occupational disease cases， which also included around 600 cases of acute poisoning， more than 1，000 cases of chronic poisoning and 1，500 others cases of occupational diseases.
Nearly 50 percent of the new occupational disease cases were from the coal sector， while reports from the coal， railway， nonferrous metals and construction material sectors combined accounted for 72 percent of the annual total.
Eco-fragility Record
The Ministry of Environmental Protection announced on September 16 that it will be marking China’s ecologically sensitive and vulnerable zones before the end of 2014.
Guidelines will also be issued to clarify the specifics of demarcation of these areas， as well as related procedures and requirements.
The area of ecologically vulnerable zones in key regions， such as the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region that is dominated by grasslands and deserts， should be no less than 20 percent of its total area， according to the statement.
It said that the Central Government will form policies and regulations regarding the management of ecologically vulnerable zones in 2014 to define the obligations of communities， individuals and levels of government in protecting them.
Organ Procurement
South China’s Guangdong Province is establishing organ procurement organizations （OPOs）， local health authorities said on September 14.
The Department of Health of Guangdong said that 80 medical personnel are to receive training and become coordinators working at the newly established OPOs. Information on organs collected by the new OPOs will be recorded in the OPOs system， and hospitals in the province will be given priority in obtaining the organs， officials said.
Rules effective nationwide on September 1 stipulate that organs shall be donated to OPOs authorized by provincial health authorities， and distribution of the organs must be done through the China Organ Transplant Response System （www. cot.org.cn）.
Relocation Award
The Chinese Government has recently allocated 3.68 billion yuan（$597million） for people relocated over the construction of large or medium-sized reservoirs， according to a Ministry of Finance statement issued on September 16.
This allocation follows the making of a policy stating that each relocated person shall receive 600 yuan （$98） every year for 20 years from July 1， 2006 and that funding payments should be given out quarterly.
The Central Government has spent a total of 134.28 billion yuan（$22 billion） in supporting reservoir relocatees， the statement said.
The funding allocated has grown at 11.3 percent annually， it added.
Laser Innovation
A deep ultraviolet （DUV） solidstate laser device， invented by the Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS）， has recently passed testing， making China the only country in the world in possession of such technology. Deep ultraviolet light waves are light waves whose wavelength is shorter than 200 nanometers， far outside the light spectrum observable to the human eye.
The use of potassium beryllium fluoroborate （KBBF） had previously created a setback for the project. KBBF is a non-linear optical crystal that can transform laser light into DUV for use in solid state lasers. Before， China lacked the proper technology or equipment to cut it into the sophisticated prisms needed.
The created device is capable of taking the output from a diodepumped solid-state laser device and shortening its wavelength through frequency multiplication. The laser used at the CAS had an original wavelength of 1，046 nanometers which， through the use of the KBBF prism coupling device， was successfully shortened to 177.3 nanometers. The CAS experiments mark the first time that such short wavelengths have ever been recorded.
Popular Destination
Tourists pose at Tiananmen Square in Beijing on September 15. Beijing topped the ranking of the top 100 most competitive cities in domestic tourism， according to the latest Report on Chinese Cities’ Tourism Competitiveness.
The rankings， first recorded in 2006， measure the comprehensive strengths and competitiveness of 293 Chinese cities across several areas relating to tourism， including their resources， products， marketing and management.
Exotic Boxes
Several craftsmen from Kuwait make traditional iron boxes that are designed to store clothes and shoes during the First China-Arab States Expo in Yinchuan， capital of northwest China’s Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region， on September 15. Kuwait was the country of honor at the expo， which was held from September 15 to 19. The Kuwait pavilion， covering an area of 1，000 square meters， showcased the country’s distinctive handicrafts， food and apparel.
Anti-Subsidy Duties
China’s Ministry of Commerce（MOFCOM） on September 20 began imposing provisional anti-subsidy duties on some U.S. exports of solargrade polysilicon， a major material for making solar cells.
MOFCOM said a preliminary investigation found that some solargrade polysilicon imports from the United States were subsidized， which had caused substantial damage to Chinese producers.
Chinese importers of the product from U.S. companies， including Hemlock Semiconductor Corp. and AE Polysilicon Corp.， are required to pay a deposit rate of up to 6.5 percent.
Other companies， including REC Solar Grade Silicon LLC， REC Advanced Silicon Materials LLC and MEMC Pasadena， Inc.， would not be subject to such duties because they had not been subsidized or the rates were too low.
The decision comes after MOFCOM slapped anti-dumping duties of 53.3 percent to 57 percent on U.S. solar-grade polysilicon imports in July.
Production Cuts List
On September 16， China unveiled a list of 58 companies that should cut their excess production capacity by the end of the year as a part of the country’s economic restructuring drive.
The enterprises are from 13 industries with overcapacity， mostly energy-consuming and highlypolluting， including steel， coke， cement， printing and dyeing sectors， according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
Local authorities must ensure that overcapacity of the companies is thoroughly eliminated， rather than transferred to other regions.
This is the third batch of enterprises that are required to cut overcapacity by the end of 2013. The move is part of government efforts to adjust and upgrade industrial structures and push forward energy conservation and emissions reduction.
Tencent Investment
Tencent Holdings Ltd.， China’s leading Internet firm， has invested $448 million in Sogou， the search engine arm of Internet company Sohu.com Inc.， the companies announced on September 16.
As part of the strategic cooperation， Tencent also merged its Soso search related businesses and other assets with Sogou.
Tencent holds 36.5 percent of Sogou’s equity capital on a fullydiluted basis， which could increase to approximately 40 percent in the near future， the companies said.
The move will expand Sogou’s market presence and “significantly elevate its position in the highly competitive PC search market， and even more so in the rapidly evolving mobile search market，” said Charles Zhang， Chairman and CEO of Sohu.
Sohu， together with its affiliates， remains the controlling shareholder of Sogou， which will continue to operate independently as a subsidiary of Sohu.
Tencent and Sogou have agreed to jointly develop， cross-promote and integrate their respective products and services， while collaborating in areas of search technology， user insights and data sharing， according to the press release.
Sogou’s products include the No. 1 Chinese character pinyin input method on PCs and mobile devices， the No. 3 PC browser and No. 3 PC search engine in China by page views， according to market research institutions.
Infrastructure Boost
The State Council issued a guideline to improve urban infrastructure on September 16.
As one guiding rule， underground construction should come before construction above ground.
Besides government input， non-government capital will be encouraged to partly join construction or management of the projects so as to improve the ecological environment and safety of cities.
The guideline specifies key tasks to upgrade urban infrastructure.
One is to improve construction and renovation of underground pipe networks， including pipes for water， sewage， rain， gas， heat and communication.
By 2015， 73，000 km of sewage pipes should be added， and 80，000 km of old urban gas and 92，800 km of old urban heat piping should be renovated.
Another aim is to boost infrastructure for urban sewer works and flood-fighting. A relatively complete system on drainage and flood fighting should be built in about 10 years.
To boost urban transport， China will add 1，000 km subway tracks across the country by 2015.
Joint R&D Center
A European research and development center jointly built by Swedish carmaker Volvo and its Chinese owner， Geely Holding Group， began trial operations on September 13， according to Geely.
The center， based in Gothenburg， Sweden， will develop a new modular architecture and components for future C-segment cars， addressing the needs of both Volvo and Geely.
The center will allow Geely to improve its product quality and functions， while Volvo can tap into Geely’s supply network in Asia， according to An Conghui， CEO and President of Geely Holing Group.
Currently， about 70 engineers have started work in the center. It is expected to employ about 200 engineers in the last half of 2014.
The joint research center will see Geely focus on medium and lowcost cars， while Volvo focuses on the luxury car market.
Sheet Metal Hub
A worker assembles a metal box in Xianghe， Hebei Province.
After 20 years of development， Qukou Township of Xianghe has become a major hub for sheet metal products in north China. By the end of 2012， the township had 350 sheet metal factories， with sales reaching 640 million yuan （$104.58 million）.
Located 4，411 meters above sea level， the airport is 159 km from Yading Nature Reserve that lies on the eastern part of the QinghaiTibetan Plateau. Inside China， Yading is known as “the last Shangri-La” and “the last pure land on the blue planet” for its scenery.
The airport will initially run a daily route between Daocheng and the Sichuan provincial capital of Chengdu， with a oneway ticket fare of 1，600 yuan （$261）.
Routes connecting Daocheng with Chongqing and Maerkang County， capital of Sichuan’s Aba Tibetan-Qiang Autonomous Prefecture， are expected to open before October 1.
Investment Plans
The State Council， China’s cabinet， encouraged private investment in care services focusing on the elderly as part of a program announced on September 13. China currently has the largest population of senior citizens in the world.
China aims to complete a social care network for its elderly by 2020， when the total number of senior citizens is expected to reach 243 million， according to the program.
Of the 44，000 retirement care institutions in China， an estimated 75 percent are sponsored by the government. Non-governmental institutions are having difficulty finding land and investment opportunities.
The new program marked breakthroughs in the areas of land allocation， tax and government subsidy policies， said Dang Junwu， Deputy Director of the China Research Center on Aging.
According to the new program， non-profit retirement care institutions sponsored by private investors will enjoy land use policies equal to their state-owned counterparts and be exempt from all administrative fees.
Expat Permits
Last year， China granted 1，202 permanent residency permits to foreign nationals， up more than 83 percent from 2011， China Daily reported on September 16.
More than half of the recipients came for reunions with family residing in China， while the rest were mostly professionals， executives and professors， according to the Ministry of Public Security’s Bureau of Exit and Entry Administration.
People with higher education backgrounds and business experience are more likely to get the permits.
Female Pilots
China’s State Oceanic Administration（SOA） recently began recruitment procedures in the search for two highly skilled female pilots to operate its deep-sea submersible. The administration said that it had received nearly 100 applications and most are recent graduates holding master’s degrees or doctorates.
The SOA will choose two female graduates with bachelor’s degrees or higher between the ages of 22 and 30， with a height between 1.6 to 1.7 meters and good eyesight.
In the meantime， four male pilots aged 22 to 35 with heights ranging between 1.65 to 1.76 meters are being selected， according to the SOA.
Aside from the physical requirements， potential candidates must also have an academic background in mechanical or electrical engineering.
Occupational Hazards
China reported a total of 24，206 new cases of pneumoconiosis in 2012， down 2，195 from the previous year， the National Health and Family Planning Commission said on September 16. Pneumoconiosis is a disease caused by the excessive inhalation of dust， usually during mining.
Cases of pneumoconiosis accounted for more than 88 percent of the country’s total reports of new occupational disease cases， which also included around 600 cases of acute poisoning， more than 1，000 cases of chronic poisoning and 1，500 others cases of occupational diseases.
Nearly 50 percent of the new occupational disease cases were from the coal sector， while reports from the coal， railway， nonferrous metals and construction material sectors combined accounted for 72 percent of the annual total.
Eco-fragility Record
The Ministry of Environmental Protection announced on September 16 that it will be marking China’s ecologically sensitive and vulnerable zones before the end of 2014.
Guidelines will also be issued to clarify the specifics of demarcation of these areas， as well as related procedures and requirements.
The area of ecologically vulnerable zones in key regions， such as the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region that is dominated by grasslands and deserts， should be no less than 20 percent of its total area， according to the statement.
It said that the Central Government will form policies and regulations regarding the management of ecologically vulnerable zones in 2014 to define the obligations of communities， individuals and levels of government in protecting them.
Organ Procurement
South China’s Guangdong Province is establishing organ procurement organizations （OPOs）， local health authorities said on September 14.
The Department of Health of Guangdong said that 80 medical personnel are to receive training and become coordinators working at the newly established OPOs. Information on organs collected by the new OPOs will be recorded in the OPOs system， and hospitals in the province will be given priority in obtaining the organs， officials said.
Rules effective nationwide on September 1 stipulate that organs shall be donated to OPOs authorized by provincial health authorities， and distribution of the organs must be done through the China Organ Transplant Response System （www. cot.org.cn）.
Relocation Award
The Chinese Government has recently allocated 3.68 billion yuan（$597million） for people relocated over the construction of large or medium-sized reservoirs， according to a Ministry of Finance statement issued on September 16.
This allocation follows the making of a policy stating that each relocated person shall receive 600 yuan （$98） every year for 20 years from July 1， 2006 and that funding payments should be given out quarterly.
The Central Government has spent a total of 134.28 billion yuan（$22 billion） in supporting reservoir relocatees， the statement said.
The funding allocated has grown at 11.3 percent annually， it added.
Laser Innovation
A deep ultraviolet （DUV） solidstate laser device， invented by the Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS）， has recently passed testing， making China the only country in the world in possession of such technology. Deep ultraviolet light waves are light waves whose wavelength is shorter than 200 nanometers， far outside the light spectrum observable to the human eye.
The use of potassium beryllium fluoroborate （KBBF） had previously created a setback for the project. KBBF is a non-linear optical crystal that can transform laser light into DUV for use in solid state lasers. Before， China lacked the proper technology or equipment to cut it into the sophisticated prisms needed.
The created device is capable of taking the output from a diodepumped solid-state laser device and shortening its wavelength through frequency multiplication. The laser used at the CAS had an original wavelength of 1，046 nanometers which， through the use of the KBBF prism coupling device， was successfully shortened to 177.3 nanometers. The CAS experiments mark the first time that such short wavelengths have ever been recorded.
Popular Destination
Tourists pose at Tiananmen Square in Beijing on September 15. Beijing topped the ranking of the top 100 most competitive cities in domestic tourism， according to the latest Report on Chinese Cities’ Tourism Competitiveness.
The rankings， first recorded in 2006， measure the comprehensive strengths and competitiveness of 293 Chinese cities across several areas relating to tourism， including their resources， products， marketing and management.
Exotic Boxes
Several craftsmen from Kuwait make traditional iron boxes that are designed to store clothes and shoes during the First China-Arab States Expo in Yinchuan， capital of northwest China’s Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region， on September 15. Kuwait was the country of honor at the expo， which was held from September 15 to 19. The Kuwait pavilion， covering an area of 1，000 square meters， showcased the country’s distinctive handicrafts， food and apparel.
Anti-Subsidy Duties
China’s Ministry of Commerce（MOFCOM） on September 20 began imposing provisional anti-subsidy duties on some U.S. exports of solargrade polysilicon， a major material for making solar cells.
MOFCOM said a preliminary investigation found that some solargrade polysilicon imports from the United States were subsidized， which had caused substantial damage to Chinese producers.
Chinese importers of the product from U.S. companies， including Hemlock Semiconductor Corp. and AE Polysilicon Corp.， are required to pay a deposit rate of up to 6.5 percent.
Other companies， including REC Solar Grade Silicon LLC， REC Advanced Silicon Materials LLC and MEMC Pasadena， Inc.， would not be subject to such duties because they had not been subsidized or the rates were too low.
The decision comes after MOFCOM slapped anti-dumping duties of 53.3 percent to 57 percent on U.S. solar-grade polysilicon imports in July.
Production Cuts List
On September 16， China unveiled a list of 58 companies that should cut their excess production capacity by the end of the year as a part of the country’s economic restructuring drive.
The enterprises are from 13 industries with overcapacity， mostly energy-consuming and highlypolluting， including steel， coke， cement， printing and dyeing sectors， according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
Local authorities must ensure that overcapacity of the companies is thoroughly eliminated， rather than transferred to other regions.
This is the third batch of enterprises that are required to cut overcapacity by the end of 2013. The move is part of government efforts to adjust and upgrade industrial structures and push forward energy conservation and emissions reduction.
Tencent Investment
Tencent Holdings Ltd.， China’s leading Internet firm， has invested $448 million in Sogou， the search engine arm of Internet company Sohu.com Inc.， the companies announced on September 16.
As part of the strategic cooperation， Tencent also merged its Soso search related businesses and other assets with Sogou.
Tencent holds 36.5 percent of Sogou’s equity capital on a fullydiluted basis， which could increase to approximately 40 percent in the near future， the companies said.
The move will expand Sogou’s market presence and “significantly elevate its position in the highly competitive PC search market， and even more so in the rapidly evolving mobile search market，” said Charles Zhang， Chairman and CEO of Sohu.
Sohu， together with its affiliates， remains the controlling shareholder of Sogou， which will continue to operate independently as a subsidiary of Sohu.
Tencent and Sogou have agreed to jointly develop， cross-promote and integrate their respective products and services， while collaborating in areas of search technology， user insights and data sharing， according to the press release.
Sogou’s products include the No. 1 Chinese character pinyin input method on PCs and mobile devices， the No. 3 PC browser and No. 3 PC search engine in China by page views， according to market research institutions.
Infrastructure Boost
The State Council issued a guideline to improve urban infrastructure on September 16.
As one guiding rule， underground construction should come before construction above ground.
Besides government input， non-government capital will be encouraged to partly join construction or management of the projects so as to improve the ecological environment and safety of cities.
The guideline specifies key tasks to upgrade urban infrastructure.
One is to improve construction and renovation of underground pipe networks， including pipes for water， sewage， rain， gas， heat and communication.
By 2015， 73，000 km of sewage pipes should be added， and 80，000 km of old urban gas and 92，800 km of old urban heat piping should be renovated.
Another aim is to boost infrastructure for urban sewer works and flood-fighting. A relatively complete system on drainage and flood fighting should be built in about 10 years.
To boost urban transport， China will add 1，000 km subway tracks across the country by 2015.
Joint R&D Center
A European research and development center jointly built by Swedish carmaker Volvo and its Chinese owner， Geely Holding Group， began trial operations on September 13， according to Geely.
The center， based in Gothenburg， Sweden， will develop a new modular architecture and components for future C-segment cars， addressing the needs of both Volvo and Geely.
The center will allow Geely to improve its product quality and functions， while Volvo can tap into Geely’s supply network in Asia， according to An Conghui， CEO and President of Geely Holing Group.
Currently， about 70 engineers have started work in the center. It is expected to employ about 200 engineers in the last half of 2014.
The joint research center will see Geely focus on medium and lowcost cars， while Volvo focuses on the luxury car market.
Sheet Metal Hub
A worker assembles a metal box in Xianghe， Hebei Province.
After 20 years of development， Qukou Township of Xianghe has become a major hub for sheet metal products in north China. By the end of 2012， the township had 350 sheet metal factories， with sales reaching 640 million yuan （$104.58 million）.