论文部分内容阅读
东北黑土区受侵蚀严重,研究不同侵蚀程度下黑土供肥及施肥对于科学施肥和提高产量具有指导意义。本文在位于黑龙江省农垦总局九三分局鹤山农场的北京师范大学九三水土保持试验站,选取当地4个不同侵蚀程度-轻度侵蚀、中度侵蚀、严重侵蚀、极严重侵蚀(黑土厚度分别为35、28、20、5 cm),按当前大田施肥水平设计盆栽试验,包括不施肥(CK)、单施肥(N、P、K)、混施肥(NP、NK、PK、NPK)共8种处理各3个重复,供试作物为大豆,确定不同侵蚀下黑土供肥和施肥。主要结论如下:(1)侵蚀越强烈大豆产量越低,但氮、磷、钾配合施用能有效提高产量。侵蚀程度不同,大豆株高和结荚数对各处理的响应不同,但氮肥是首要影响因素。(2)研究区供肥水平中等。供肥量与速效养分含量正相关,侵蚀程度越强,供氮量和供钾量逐渐降低,但由于速效磷含量与粘粒、粉粒含量成负相关使得供磷量先降低后增加。(3)研究区大豆对钾肥利用率较高,对氮、磷利用率较低。肥料利用率与土壤供肥量呈现相反的变化趋势,随侵蚀程度增强,大豆的氮肥利用率和钾肥利用率逐渐增加,而磷肥利用率则先增加后减小。(4)本研究建议施肥与当地统一施肥相比,总量上为当地的1.19~2.52倍,配比上当地氮肥用量偏低,磷肥用量偏高。
The black soil area in Northeastern China was seriously eroded. It is instructive to study the application of black soil fertilizers and fertilizers under different erosion levels for scientific fertilization and yield increase. In this paper, nine soil and water conservation test stations of Beijing Normal University, located at Heshan Farm, Bureau of Land Reclamation, Bureau of Land Reclamation, Bureau of Reclamation, 93 Bureau of Land Reclamation of Heilongjiang Province, selected four different erosion levels: mild erosion, moderate erosion, severe erosion and extremely serious erosion 35, 28, 20 and 5 cm). The pot experiment was designed according to the current field fertilization levels, including 8 kinds of fertilization (NP, NK, PK and NPK) Each of the three replicates was treated for the test crop for soybean, and black soil for different erosions was determined for fertilizer and fertilization. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The stronger erosion is, the lower the yield of soybean is, but the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can effectively increase the yield. Different degrees of erosion, soybean plant height and pod number response to each treatment is different, but nitrogen is the primary influencing factor. (2) Medium level of fertilizer supply in the study area. There was a positive correlation between the amount of available fertilizer and available nutrient content. The stronger the degree of erosion was, the lower the nitrogen supply and the amount of available potassium. However, due to the negative correlation between available phosphorus and the content of clay and grain, the amount of available phosphorus decreased first and then increased. (3) The utilization rate of potassium in the study area is high, and the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus is low. Fertilizer utilization and soil available fertilizer showed the opposite trend. With the increase of erosion, the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer of soybean increased gradually while the utilization of phosphate fertilizer increased first and then decreased. (4) The research suggests that the total amount of fertilization is 1.19 ~ 2.52 times that of the local unified fertilization. The proportion of local nitrogen fertilizer is low and the amount of phosphate fertilizer is high.