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三 20世纪初一位著名的心理学家称情态学说为《灰姑娘哲学》,从那时候起这个学说为澄清人类心理情态活动与理念的、精神的、思维活动的区别作了不少工作。尽管П·阿诺辛、В·米亚西谢夫、П·西蒙诺夫、В·维柳纳斯以及苏联国内外其他学者之间在看法上尚有不少分歧,但都承认情态行为同思想一样,是观照外部世界、观照客观现实存在的,但却是采取另一种基本形式,并达到另一个目的:不是认识,而是品鉴,即不揭示客观现实所固有的性质、联系、及相互关系,而是判定人类与这个现实的关系。因此谈论这两种形式,哪一种心理活动比另一种“更高”、“更完美”、“更重要”,是毫无意义的。它们对人类同样重要,因为合理的、富有成效的实践活动既有赖于知识,也有赖于价值观念。把认识凌驾于价值观念之上,即把思维凌驾于感受之上,只
Three well-known psychologists at the beginning of the twentieth century called the modality doctrine the Cinderella philosophy, and since then the doctrine has done a lot of work to clarify the differences between human mental modality activities and ideological, spiritual and intellectual activities. Although there are still many differences of opinion between П.Anynin, ВMasiachisev, П.Šmonov, В.Vilionas and other scholars both at home and abroad, both recognize the same Just as it is thought, it contemplates the external world and contemplates the objective reality. However, it takes another basic form and achieves another purpose: it is not recognition but tasting, that is, it does not reveal the inherent nature, connection, But also the relationship between mankind and this reality. Therefore, it is meaningless to talk about these two forms and which mental activities are “higher,” “more perfect,” “more important,” than the other. They are just as important to humankind as reasonable and productive practice depends on both knowledge and value. Put awareness above the value concept, that is, thinking above the feeling, only