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中度或重度高血压无疑需要药物治疗,但对轻度血压升高则常应针对各个病例的需要来决定治疗问题。最近研究证实轻度高血压病人用药物治疗比未治者死亡率显著降低,且血管合并症较少。成人中约有10-20%偶尔血压轻度升高,但这些人并不是持续高血压患者,因而他们不需要用降压药治疗。另一方面,病人轻度血压升高可以出现心血管病表现。一旦发生,即使用有效降压药治疗,死亡率和患病率仍比前更高。本文目的提供对血压轻度升高者的处理方针,包括降压药的使用。
Moderate or severe hypertension undoubtedly requires medical treatment, but for mild cases of elevated blood pressure it is often necessary to determine the treatment issue for each individual case. Recent studies have demonstrated that patients with mild hypertension have significantly lower rates of death from medication than those without, and fewer vascular complications. Occasionally, about 10-20% of adults have mildly elevated blood pressure, but these people are not persistent hypertensive patients, so they do not need to be treated with antihypertensive drugs. On the other hand, patients with mild hypertension can show signs of cardiovascular disease. Once this happens, even with effective antihypertensive drugs, mortality and morbidity are still higher than before. The purpose of this article is to provide guidelines for the treatment of mildly elevated blood pressure, including the use of antihypertensive drugs.