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教文言文应批判继承我国民族传统道德遗产,帮助学生掌握道德概念,培养道德情感,从而形成道德行为。在文言文教学中我们应抓住以下几个方面进行传统道德教育。 (一)以立“志”学“德”为基础,确立道德信念。立“志”学“德”,就是每个人都要树志向,学习道德,坚定道德信念。这是儒家学派十分重视的方向性问题。孔子认为:“三军可以夺帅也,匹夫不可夺志也。”(《子罕》)并且经常启发学生谈志向、讲德性,如课文《侍坐》。还要求学生竖定意志;“磨而不磷”、“涅而不缁”(《阳货》),即象最坚固的东西一样,磨也磨不薄;象最洁白的东西一样,染也染不黑。所以,“君子谋道不谋食”、“君子忧道不忧贫”。(《卫灵公》)孔子所提倡的道德信念就是“志于道”、“死守善道”。有了这个信念,才能成为“无求生以害仁,有杀身以成仁”的“志士仁人”(《卫灵公》)。志和德都不是天生的,要靠后天的学习,这种学习包括确立人生的目标和理想,深刻理解道德规范的定义、价值与作用,认识它对个人与社会的益处如何,违反了它的害处又是什么?从而
Teaching classical Chinese and writing should critically inherit the traditional moral heritage of our nation, help students master the concept of morality, cultivate moral emotions, and thus form moral behavior. In the teaching of classical Chinese, we should grasp the following aspects to carry out traditional moral education. (a) Establish moral convictions based on the foundation of “history” and “morality”. To establish “shi” to learn “morality” means that everyone must aspire, learn morality, and strengthen moral conviction. This is a directional issue to which the Confucian school attaches great importance. Confucius believed that: “The three armed forces can take handsome and also can’t take advantage of it.” (“Zi Han”) often inspires students to talk about aspirations and talk about virtues, such as the text “Waiting.” It also requires students to set their minds; “grind instead of phosphorus” and “nephew without blasphemy” (“Yanghuo”), that is, like the most sturdy things, the grinding is not too thin; like the most white thing, it is also Not black. Therefore, “the gentleman seeks no way to seek food,” and “the gentleman is not worried about poverty.” (“Wiling”) The moral beliefs advocated by Confucius are “mind to the Tao” and “observe good deeds.” With this conviction, it can become a “chi-ho man” (“Wiling”) who “has no need for survival, no harm, and no harm for survival”. Both Zhi He and De are natural. They must rely on acquired learning. This kind of learning includes establishing the goals and ideals of life, profoundly understanding the definition, value, and role of the moral code, and understanding how it benefits individuals and society and violates its harmful effects. What is it?