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以塑料薄膜大棚为栽培设施,以番茄品种‘中研988’和‘粉贝三号’为植物材料,设置不覆盖(对照)、地膜覆盖、稻草覆盖、地膜上覆盖稻草(稻草/地膜)、地膜下覆盖稻草(地膜/稻草)5个处理,研究不同地面覆盖对土壤肥力及番茄产量和品质的影响。结果表明:不同覆盖方式均可增加表层土壤的含水量,稻草覆盖使表层土壤温度降低,而地膜覆盖和地膜/稻草覆盖使表层土壤温度升高;同一土层,地膜/稻草覆盖下土壤有机质含量和土壤速效养分含量显著高于其他处理,随着土层加深,各处理下土壤的速效养分含量均呈下降趋势;地膜/稻草覆盖下番茄果实产量最高、品质最好。综上可知,地面覆盖可以改善土壤肥力状况,提高番茄果实产量和品质,在不同覆盖方式中,以地面覆盖稻草后再覆盖地膜的效果最好。
With plastic film greenhouse as a cultivation facility, the tomato varieties ’Zhongyan 988’ and ’Fenbei No.3’ were used as plant material, and the plants were covered without cover (control), covered with straw, covered with straw, covered with straw (straw / Under the cover of straw (mulching / straw) 5 treatments to study the impact of different ground cover on soil fertility and tomato yield and quality. The results showed that the soil moisture content of topsoil increased with different coverage methods, and the temperature of topsoil decreased with the coverage of straw, while the topsoil temperature increased with mulching and mulching / straw mulching. In the same soil layer, the content of soil organic matter And soil available nutrients were significantly higher than those of other treatments. With the deepening of soil layers, the available nutrient contents of soil decreased with the increase of soil layers. The yield of tomato fruits under mulching / straw coverage was the highest with the best quality. In summary, the ground cover can improve the status of soil fertility and improve the yield and quality of tomato fruit. In different covering ways, the best effect is achieved by covering the straw with the ground covering straw.