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目的了解医院工作者职业暴露现况及危险因素,为职业安全防护提供对策。方法通过回顾性调查方法,对2006—2014年福建医科大学附属漳州市医院的工作者职业暴露个案信息记录进行分析。结果该院共记录职业暴露个案360人,其中护士199人,占55.28%;其次为医生84人,占23.33%;再其次为实习(含进修)生51人,占14.17%;最后为保洁人员16人,占4.44%。职业暴露者中小于30岁的占57.78%。在有传染性暴露源工作的有240人,主要暴露于乙肝病毒、梅毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒,分别占32.78%、22.78%、7.72%。暴露方式以锐器伤为主,共287人,占79.72%;皮肤黏膜接触暴露68人,占18.89%。结论医院工作者为感染传染病的高危人群,应加强职业安全教育,建立职业暴露管理制度,提高主动免疫率。
Objective To understand the occupational exposure status and risk factors of hospital workers and provide countermeasures for occupational safety protection. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to analyze occupational exposure records of workers in Zhangzhou City Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University from 2006 to 2014. Results A total of 360 occupational exposures were recorded in the hospital, of which 199 were nurses, accounting for 55.28%; followed by 84 doctors, accounting for 23.33%; followed by internship (including education) 51, accounting for 14.17%; and finally for the cleaning staff 16 people, accounting for 4.44%. Occupational exposure of less than 30 years accounted for 57.78%. There are 240 people working in infectious exposure sources, mainly exposed to hepatitis B virus, syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus, accounting for 32.78%, 22.78% and 7.72% respectively. The main exposure methods were sharp wounds, a total of 287 people, accounting for 79.72%; skin mucosal exposure 68 people, accounting for 18.89%. Conclusion Hospital workers are at high risk of infectious diseases. Occupational safety education should be strengthened, occupational exposure management system should be established, and the active immunization rate should be raised.