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本文评介了同位素质谱计的新进展及其在地球化学与宇宙化学应用中受到人们瞩目的一些最新成就.新型热表面电离质谱计、高灵敏度的稀有气体静态分析质谱计、高精度气体同位素质谱计以及同位素分析技术的进展使地球化学与宇宙化学研究呈现了崭新的局面.Ar~(40)/Ar~(39)计时法广泛用于研究地质体与宇宙体的辐照史、热历史与形成演化史.Rb-Sr、U-Th-Pb、Sm-Nd和Lu-Hf法成为探索地球、月球与天体演化史等的有力手段.H、C、O、S和Nd、Sr、Pb、Hf的同位素比值在研究成矿作用、成矿物质来源、壳幔演化、陨石成因与太阳系演化等又有新的突破.稀有气体同位素变异用于研究油气的地化历程、气—幔演化、球外物质的演化史及地震机制方面具有独特的重要性.
In this paper, we review the recent progress of isotope mass spectrometry (MS) and its recent achievements in geochemical and cosmochemical applications.New thermal surface ionization mass spectrometry, high sensitivity gas analysis static analyzer, high precision gas isotope mass spectrometer And advances in isotopic analysis technology have led to a completely new situation in geochemistry and cosmochemistry research.The Ar ~ (40) / Ar ~ (39) chronometer is widely used to study the radiation history, thermal history and formation of geologic and cosmic bodies Rb-Sr, U-Th-Pb, Sm-Nd and Lu-Hf methods are powerful tools to explore the evolution history of the Earth, the Moon and the celestial bodies, etc.H, C, O, S and Nd, Sr, Pb, Hf Isotopic ratios have also made new breakthroughs in the study of mineralization, sources of metallogenic materials, crust-mantle evolution, meteorite origin and solar system evolution, etc. The isotopic variation of rare gas is used to study the geochemical process of oil and gas, evolution of the gas-mantle, The evolutionary history of matter and the mechanism of earthquakes are of particular importance.