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过磷酸钙简称过石,是一种含有3～5％游离酸的迟效性磷肥。长期使用过磷酸钙会使土壤物理性状变坏,直接接触种子易产生“烧种”现象。为了提高磷肥肥效,消除单纯使用过磷酸钙的弊病,一般将氨水或碳酸氢铵与过磷酸钙按一定比例混合制成氮磷复合肥——氨化过石。这样,一方面可以中和过磷酸钙中的游离酸,改变过磷酸钙易吸湿结块的缺点,便于运输和施肥作业;另一方面,能使氨水或碳酸氢铵中很容易挥发损失的氮,变成较稳定的磷酸—铵和硫酸钙,使氮得以固定。近几年来,我县多点试验证明,施用氨化过石比单施过磷酸钙具有肥效快、发小苗、根系发达、抗旱、籽粒饱满和减轻土壤板结等优点,因此有明显的增产效果。施用氨化过石的玉米、高梁和大豆的单产,比单施过磷酸钙的分别增加11％、10.2％和17％。
Superphosphate, referred to as over-stone, is a delayed-action phosphate fertilizer containing 3 to 5% free acid. Long-term use of superphosphate soil physical properties will deteriorate, direct contact with the seeds easy to produce “burning” phenomenon. In order to improve the efficiency of phosphate fertilizer and eliminate the disadvantages of simply using superphosphate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium bicarbonate is usually mixed with superphosphate to make a nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer-ammoniated stone. In this way, on the one hand, it can neutralize the free acid in the superphosphate to change the disadvantage that the superphosphate is easy to absorb and agglomerate, which is convenient for transportation and fertilizing. On the other hand, the nitrogen that is easily volatilized and lost in ammonia or ammonium bicarbonate , Into a more stable phosphate - ammonium and calcium sulfate, nitrogen fixed. In recent years, many trials in our county have proved that the application of ammoniated stone has the advantages of quick fertilizer effect, hairy seedlings, developed root system, drought resistance, full grain and alleviating soil compaction compared with single application of superphosphate. Yields of ammoniated stone, corn, sorghum and soybeans increased by 11%, 10.2% and 17%, respectively, over single calcium phosphate.