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目的了解某电解铝企业综合车间噪声作业人员听力损伤的特点,为控制和消除职业性听力损伤的发生提供依据。方法对某电解铝企业综合车间的56个噪声作业点现场噪声强度进行检测,根据作业人员作业性质和暴露时间计算其8h等效连续A声级(LAeq,8h),并结合该车间103名噪声暴露作业人员连续3年职业健康体检结果,分析其噪声特性和双耳纯音听力损伤的特点。结果103名噪声作业人员按工作性质分为9个生产岗位,高频听力损伤高于语频听力损伤,且LAeq,8h噪声暴露水平高的岗位,听力损伤程度大于噪声暴露水平高低的岗位。这表明噪声暴露水平与听力损伤之间存在剂量-反应关系(r=0.994,P<0.05)。身处非稳态噪声工作场所中的流动性工作岗位作业人员听力损伤率(85.71%)高于身处稳态噪声工作场所中(即工作位置相对固定)的作业人员听力损伤率(24.72%)。结论非稳态噪声、高频噪声引起的听力损伤比稳态的中、低频噪声引起的听力损伤严重。
Objective To understand the characteristics of hearing impairment of noise workers in a comprehensive workshop of electrolytic aluminum industry and provide basis for controlling and eliminating the occurrence of occupational hearing impairment. Methods The noise intensity of 56 noise sites in an integrated aluminum workshop was measured. The 8h equivalent continuous A sound level (LAeq, 8h) was calculated according to the working characteristics and exposure time of workers in the workshop. 103 noise Exposed workers for three consecutive years of occupational health examination results, analysis of the noise characteristics and binaural pure hearing impairment characteristics. Results The 103 noise workers were divided into 9 manufacturing jobs according to the nature of their work. The high-frequency hearing impairment was higher than the audio frequency hearing loss, and the LAeq, 8h noise exposure level was higher than that of the noise exposure level. This suggests that there is a dose-response relationship between the level of noise exposure and hearing impairment (r = 0.994, P <0.05). The rate of hearing impairment (85.71%) was higher in mobility workers who lived in unsteady noises than those in steady-state noise work places (ie, the work place was relatively fixed). The rate of hearing impairment was 24.72% . Conclusion Hearing impairment caused by unsteady noise and high frequency noise is more serious than hearing loss caused by steady medium and low frequency noise.