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探讨了地膜覆盖方式(全膜覆盖、半膜覆盖和未覆膜)与灌水量[7 050(高)、6 050(中)、5 050 m3/hm2(低)]对制种玉米产量的影响,旨在为河西地区制种玉米节水增效提供理论参考和科学依据。结果表明,覆膜方式、灌水量均对制种玉米产量、双穗率、穗粒数、粒质量及水分利用效率影响显著,二者的互作效应对玉米产量、双穗率、穗粒数、水分利用效率的影响达显著水平,但对粒质量无显著影响。全膜覆盖条件下,高灌水量和中灌水量处理的制种玉米田,产量分别为8 052.5、7 821.4 kg/hm~2,分别显著高于半膜覆盖和未覆膜条件下同等灌水量处理,且全膜覆盖中灌水量处理水分利用效率最高,为9.50 kg/(mm·hm~2)。全膜覆盖下高、中灌水量和半膜覆盖下高灌水量的双穗率和粒质量显著高于其他各处理。地膜覆盖显著改善了制种玉米生育期内耕层土壤水热状况。通径分析显示,在河西地区,对制种玉米产量因素的影响顺序为:双穗率(直接通径系数1.26)>穗粒数(0.93)>粒质量(0.68)>0~25 cm土壤温度(0.41)>0~30 cm土壤含水量(0.35)。由此说明,适宜的地膜覆盖方式与灌水量通过改善土壤水热提高制种玉米的双穗率和粒质量,最终形成较高的制种产量。综合分析认为,全膜覆盖并采用中等灌水量,可作为河西地区制种玉米节水栽培的主要技术措施。
The effects of plastic film mulching (full film mulch, half mulch mulch and uncoated film) and irrigation volume [7 050 (high), 6 050 (medium), 5 050 m 3 / hm 2 , Aims to provide a theoretical reference and scientific basis for Hexi area watering corn synergism. The results showed that the effects of film mulching and irrigation amount on maize yield, double ear percentage, grain number per spike, grain weight and water use efficiency were all significant. The interaction effect of the two had significant effects on the yield of maize, , Water use efficiency reached a significant level, but no significant effect on grain weight. Under the condition of full film mulching, the yield of maize fields with high irrigation amount and medium irrigation amount were 8 052.5 and 7 821.4 kg / hm 2, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the same irrigation amount The highest water use efficiency was 9.50 kg / (mm · hm ~ 2) when the irrigation amount was applied in the whole film mulch. The panicle weight and grain weight under high and medium irrigation under full film coverage and high irrigation under semi-film coverage were significantly higher than those under other treatments. Plastic film mulching significantly improved soil water and heat conditions in topsoil during seedling growth. The path analysis showed that the order of influence on the yield of maize was Heilongjiang province: double ear rate (direct path coefficient 1.26)> number of grains per ear (0.93)> grain weight (0.68)> 0-25 cm soil temperature (0.41)> 0-30 cm soil moisture content (0.35). The results showed that suitable plastic film mulching and watering increased the yield and yield of double-tassel corn by improving soil water and heat. Comprehensive analysis shows that the whole membrane coverage and the use of medium irrigation, can be used as Hexi area maize planting water-saving cultivation of the main technical measures.