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环孢菌素是由真菌Tolypocladium属的菌株经深层培养产生的一类具有生物活性的次级代谢产物。发酵液中的主要组分环孢菌素A是一种有效的免疫抑制剂,在临床上已用于器官和骨髓移植。在大批量发酵中,除了环孢菌素A外,至今已分离到25钟以上密切相关的同系物,即环孢菌素B～Z。所有天然的环孢菌素是由11种氨基酸组成的中性环状寡肽化合物。其中某些氨基酸B-甲基化,且1至2种属于D-型。其特征性质是它具有独特的构成单位(2S,3R,4R,6E)-2-甲氨基-3-羟基-4-甲基-6-辛烯酸(N-甲基-(4R)-4-((E)-2-丁烯基)-4-甲基-L-苏氨
Cyclosporin is a class of bioactive secondary metabolites produced by in-depth culture of strains of the genus Tolypocladium. Cyclosporin A, a major component of the fermentation broth, is a potent immunosuppressive agent that has been clinically used in organ and bone marrow transplantation. In high-volume fermentation, in addition to cyclosporin A, up to now, more than 25 minutes have been isolated closely related homologues, namely cyclosporin B ~ Z. All natural cyclosporins are neutral cyclic oligopeptide compounds consisting of 11 amino acids. Some of these amino acids are B-methylated and one to two belong to the D-form. It is characterized by its unique constitutional unit (2S, 3R, 4R, 6E) -2-methylamino-3-hydroxy- - ((E) -2-butenyl) -4-methyl-L-threonine