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2000年是美国总统大选之年。民主党候选人戈尔和共和党候选人布什为争取选民就社会保障问题阐明各自的政策主张,社会保障制度改革再次成为热门话题。美国1935年建立社会保障制度。30年代世界范围内的经济危机震撼了资本主义制度,当时的罗斯福政府建立了旨在稳定和巩固资本主义经济发展的社会保障制度,至今已有65年历史。目前美国缴纳社会保障税并受社会保障的工人达1.5亿人,有4400人通过领取养老金、遗属补助金和残疾补助金,保证他们的基本生活需要。如果取消社会保障,将会有一半老年人生活在贫困线以下。美国政府把社会保障制度看作社会稳定器,但是,这项制度在当前却遇到了前所未有的挑战。二战以后美国人口高峰时出生7600多万人,这些人从2010年起将陆续进入退休高峰期。随着生活水平的提高,人口寿命延长。据预测,30
2000 is the year for the U.S. presidential election. Democratic candidate Gore and Republican candidate George W. Bush clarified their policy proposals for securing social security issues, and the reform of the social security system has once again become a hot topic. The United States established the social security system in 1935. The economic crisis in the world in the 1930s shocked the capitalist system. At that time, the Roosevelt administration established a social security system aimed at stabilizing and consolidating the economic development of capitalism. It has a history of 65 years. At present, the number of workers in the United States who pay social security taxes and are subject to social security amounts to 150 million. Some 4,400 people guarantee their basic needs by receiving pensions, survivors’ and disability benefits. If social security is abolished, half of the elderly will live below the poverty line. The U.S. government regards the social security system as a social stabilizer. However, at present the system has encountered unprecedented challenges. More than 76 million people were born at the peak of the U.S. population after the World War II, and these people will gradually start their retirement peak from 2010 onwards. With the improvement of living standards, the life expectancy of the population has been extended. It is predicted that 30