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目的分析楚雄市幼托儿童传染病流行病学特征,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对幼托儿童传染病资料进行分析。结果 2009—2013年楚雄市幼托儿童共报告传染病12种1 193例,总发病率1 885.0/10万;以消化道传染病(65.2%)和呼吸道传染病(34.6%)为主。发病数居前5位是手足口病、水痘、流行性腮腺炎、流行性感冒和风疹(98.2%)。4~7月是发病高峰期(71.7%),手足口病和水痘是影响发病高峰的主要病种。城区幼托儿童发病率(2 369.5/10万)高于农村幼托儿童(591.5/10万)。3岁组发病数最多(31.4%)。结论肠道、呼吸道传染病仍然是幼托儿童传染病的主要病种,手足口病及水痘是防控重点。强化晨检、隔离消毒及健康教育,加强疫苗接种,构建免疫屏障,是控制传染病在托幼机构传播的有效措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of children’s infectious diseases in Chuxiong City and provide the basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of infectious diseases in children with kindergarten. Results In 2009-2013, a total of 1 193 cases of 12 kinds of infectious diseases were reported in children with kindergarten in Chuxiong, with a total incidence rate of 1885.0 / 100 000; mainly digestive tract diseases (65.2%) and respiratory infectious diseases (34.6%). The top five incidences were hand-foot-mouth disease, chickenpox, mumps, influenza and rubella (98.2%). April to July is the peak incidence (71.7%), hand, foot and mouth disease and chickenpox are the main diseases affecting the peak incidence. The prevalence of kindergarten children in urban areas (2 369.5 / 100 000) was higher than that of rural kindergarten children (591.5 / 100 000). 3-year-old group the highest incidence (31.4%). Conclusions Intestinal and respiratory infectious diseases are still the major diseases in children with child-care diseases. Hand-foot-mouth disease and chickenpox are the key points of prevention and control. Strengthen the morning seizure, isolation and health education, strengthen vaccination, build immune barrier, is to control the spread of infectious diseases in child care agencies an effective measure.