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应用ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＰＣＲ方法检测１５例乙型肝炎疫苗有效免疫后乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染者血中ＨＢＶ标志物和ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ。结果１５例被检者血ＨＢｓＡｂ均为阳性（１００％），而且均发现血中有ＨＢｓＡｂ以外的ＨＢＶ标志物阳性，所以被定为ＨＢＶ感染，ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性９例（６０％），提示存在着ＨＢｓＡｂ阳性的ＨＢＶ感染，其原因为这些病毒可能是一种变异的病毒，其核苷酸序列不同于一般的ＨＢＶ。ＨＢＶＳ基因变异第５８７ｎｔ由Ｇ→Ａ导致ＨＢｓＡｇ中具有高度抗原性的ａ抗原决定簇的氨基酸由甘氨酸变为精氨酸，与疫苗诱导免疫有关的抗原决定簇ａ部分缺失，抗体与变异株ＨＢＶ的ＨＢｓＡｇ结合力下降，从而导致ＨＢＶ疫苗免疫失败
ELISA and PCR were used to detect the HBV markers and HBV-DNA in the blood of 15 hepatitis B virus immunized patients after effective immunization. Results All the 15 subjects were positive for HBsAb (100%). All of the blood markers were positive for HBV markers other than HBsAb. Therefore, they were identified as HBV infection, and 9 (60%) were positive for HBV DNA, suggesting the existence of HBsAb-positive HBV infection, the reason for these viruses may be a variant of the virus, the nucleotide sequence is different from the general HBV. The result of G → A showed that the amino acid of a highly antigenic epitope of HBsAg changed from glycine to arginine at the 587nt of HBVS gene mutation, and a part of the antigenic determinant of vaccine-induced immunity was absent. The antibody and the variant HBV HBsAg binding decreased, resulting in immune failure of the HBV vaccine