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唐长安城大兴善寺文殊阁位于大兴善寺翻经院中,是唐代宗大历八年(773年)奉旨敕建的。上表请求建造这座“大圣文殊镇国之阁”的是在当时备受代宗礼遇的高僧不空,出资者为代宗及其亲眷。这座文殊阁在当时被赋予特有的“镇国”性质,其营建过程一直备受代宗的重视,无疑能够代表唐代佛寺建筑中的最高规格。虽然今天我们已难寻这座宝阁的风采,但是在《大正藏》中,还保存着文殊阁建造全过程的记录,包括各工程项目财费及用料的详细情况。本文试图结合《营造法式》、现存早期建筑实例、相关考古发现和文献、图像资料对这些表文进行解读,就其所述营建工程的各项内容试做分析。最后结合表文中关于文殊阁工料、壁画配置、功能设置等珍贵信息,对文殊阁试做复原,以完整地展现营造文殊阁的始末。
Chang’an City, Daxing good Temple Manjusri is located in Daxing Shan Temple by the hospital, is the Tang Dynasty Dali eight years (773) Jianzhi Jian built. The above table asked for the construction of this “Great Saint Manjusri Pavilion” is a monk was highly respectable monk was not empty, the funders for generations and their dear dependents. At that time, this Manjuk pavilion was endowed with the peculiar “town” character. Its construction process has always been valued by the patriarchs. It undoubtedly represents the highest standard of Buddhist temple architecture in the Tang Dynasty. Although we have struggled to find out the style of this pavilion today, we have also kept a record of the whole process of construction of Man Shue Pavilion in “Taisho-zang”, including the details of the financial expenses and materials used in each project. This paper tries to analyze the contents of the construction project by combining the methods of “building a French style”, extant early architectural examples, relevant archaeological discoveries, literature and image materials. Finally, combining with the valuable information about the Manjusri pawn materials, the murals configuration and the function setting, the article tries to make a retrospective of the Wenshu Pavilion to fully demonstrate the whole story of building the Manjushri pavilion.