论文部分内容阅读
1996年以来,抗草甘磷大豆品种被阿根廷和世界其他国家的农民迅速采纳。这种高使用率应该归因于单一除草剂(草甘膦)施用的简单性,这种除草剂具有高效性,它可以控制多种杂草,并且相对应用于传统作物的农药,草甘膦技术成本低。在2001—2002、2002—2003、2003—2004年间大豆的生长季节,进行了田间调查和田间试验,目的是研究不同草甘磷防护措施对大豆杂草群落多样性、杂草控制、个体残存、繁殖力和大豆产量的影响。另外,也对马唐、香附子和鸡冠曼锦葵三种重要的杂草进行了研究。田间调查和田间试验在小麦和大麦收割之后立即免耕播种大豆田进行(两季作物体系)。试验建立在商业大豆作物的基础上并且包括施用草甘磷一次、施用草甘磷两次和草甘磷加残留的咪草烟除草剂的不同处理。香附子、马唐、繁缕、藜和莎草,在大豆前茬作物田间是普遍的杂草,这显示了在两年内区域的稳定性超过80%。有四分之三的田间试验显示,在施用两倍的草甘磷和除草剂的单一施用相比,大豆产量并没有增加。另外,还有一个相反的影响,当在作物生长期间只施用一次草甘磷要比施用两次草甘磷或者施用草甘磷加咪草烟的杂草种类丰富。由于马唐出苗期长,躲过了草甘磷的早期处理。同时,香附子和鸡冠曼锦葵由于特殊的抗性而幸存。结果显示,控制草甘磷的应用,可以在提高大豆产量的同时减少其对杂草多样性的影响,但这要取决于杂草的种类和丰富度。
Since 1996, glyphosate-resistant soybean varieties have been quickly adopted by farmers in Argentina and other countries in the world. This high use rate should be due to the simplicity of application of a single herbicide (glyphosate) which is highly efficient, controls a wide range of weeds and is more effective than traditional crop-based pesticides, glyphosate Low technical costs. Field investigation and field experiments were conducted during the growing season of soybean in 2001-2002, 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 to study the effect of different protective measures of glyphosate on the weed community diversity, weed control, individual remnant, Fertility and Soybean Yield. In addition, three important weeds, Crabgrass, Cyperus rotundus and Cunninghamia lanceolata were also studied. Field surveys and field trials were carried out on no-tillage soybean fields immediately after the harvest of wheat and barley (two-season crop system). The experiment was based on a commercial soybean crop and included different treatments of glyphosate once, glyphosate twice and glyphosate plus residual imazapyr. Cyperus rotundus, crabgrass, chickweed, quinoa and sedge, are common weeds in the field of soybean stubble crops, indicating a regional stability of more than 80% over two years. Three-quarters of field trials showed no increase in soybean yields compared to a single application of twice as much glyphosate and herbicide. In addition, there is an opposite effect. When applying glyphosate only once during crop growth, weeds are more abundant than weeds with glyphosate twice or with glyphosate and imazethapyr. Due to the long emergence of crabgrass, escaped the early treatment of glyphosate. At the same time, Cyperus rotundus and Cunninghamia malva survived due to the special resistance. The results show that controlling the application of glyphosate can reduce the impact of weed diversity on soybean yield, but it depends on the species and richness of weeds.