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骨髓是人体重要的造血器官和免疫器官。骨髓中分布着造血干细胞、间充质干细胞和基质细胞,形成了富含多种生长因子和趋化因子的微环境。在病理条件下,骨髓微环境为肿瘤细胞的转移和生长提供了场所,也是骨髓相关疾病难以根除的主要原因。骨髓独特的解剖生理结构和骨髓-血屏障进一步限制了药物的递送。随着骨髓微环境以及血液循环中的微粒进入骨髓机制的研究,巨噬细胞和内皮细胞表面的E-选择素受体作为药物递送靶点可以显著增加药物靶向骨髓的能力。此外,结合纳米载体技术的发展,通过控制载体粒径大小及表面修饰,很大程度上提高了药物被动或主动的骨髓靶向能力。本文分析了骨髓的生理结构及生物功能,并综述了近年来以脂质体、聚合物胶束为主的骨髓靶向纳米粒的研究进展,为骨髓相关疾病的诊断和治疗提供了有利的手段,也为中药制剂的发展提供了有效的思路。
Bone marrow is the body’s major hematopoietic and immune organs. Hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and stromal cells are distributed in the bone marrow, forming a microenvironment rich in various growth factors and chemokines. Under pathological conditions, the bone marrow microenvironment provides a place for the metastasis and growth of tumor cells and is also a major cause of the eradication of bone marrow related diseases. The unique anatomy and physiology of the bone marrow and the bone marrow-blood barrier further limit the delivery of the drug. As the bone marrow microenvironment and blood circulation into the bone marrow mechanism of macrophages and endothelial cell surface E-selectin receptors as drug delivery targets can significantly increase the drug’s ability to target the bone marrow. In addition, combined with the development of nanocarrier technology, by controlling the size and surface modification of the carrier, the passive or active bone marrow targeting ability of the drug is greatly improved. In this paper, the physiological and biological functions of bone marrow are analyzed. The progress of bone marrow-targeted nanoparticles, which are mainly composed of liposomes and polymer micelles, is summarized in recent years, which provides a useful method for the diagnosis and treatment of bone marrow-related diseases , But also provides an effective way of thinking for the development of traditional Chinese medicine preparations.