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本文的意图是让研究者审视研究方法,并在研究设计中充分使用假说检验,并在选择模式物种时充分理解其自然史。我们的总前提是,按照“强推论”(指假定拒绝某一假说而不是支持某一偏爱假说)的逻辑,科学能够进展得更快、更可观、更有确定性。我们强调并提供了符合逻辑的一系列步骤,即确定科学问题或确定具有未知生物学意义的问题;列出所有可靠的、能解释所观察现象的假说,每个假说列出其可检验的、可证明其无根据的预测;然后是符合预测检验的实验或研究设计。我们也强调,模式物种对于解决科学的理论问题以及得出推论是很重要的。本文所展示的不是新思想,只是提醒研究者要注意遵循的基本研究途径。
The intent of this article is to allow researchers to examine research methods, make full use of hypothesis testing in research design, and fully understand their natural history when selecting patterns of species. Our general premise is that science can progress faster, more observably, and with greater certainty, following the logic of “strong inferences” (referring to the presumption of rejecting a hypothesis rather than supporting a certain preference hypothesis). We emphasize and provide a logical series of steps to identify scientific problems or identify problems of unknown biological significance; to list all the hypotheses that are reliable and explain the observed phenomena, and to list each of its hypotheses that are verifiable, Proof of unfounded predictions; followed by experiments or study designs that match the predictive test. We also emphasize that model species are important for solving the theoretical problems of science and for drawing conclusions. This article does not show the new ideas, just to remind researchers to follow the basic research approach.