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绝大多数儿童和育龄妇女的贫血与缺铁有关,在临床和公共卫生筛查贫血时,常采用血红蛋白(Hb)和红细胞压积(Hct)两项检查,因此不仅要求实验方法的正确性,还要确定判定贫血的Hb和Hct的界限值。不同年龄、性别和生理状态(如妊娠)时。Hb和Hct有相当大的变化,因此,疾病控制中心(CDC)制订了新的参考标准,以便临床、公共卫生和营养学方面的应用。根据1976～1980第二次全美卫生和营养调查研究(NHANES Ⅱ)制定了儿童、非妊娠妇女和男子贫血的Hb和Hct界限值;由临床调查制定孕妇的参考界限值;通过推算制订高原居民和吸烟者的界限值的修正方法。表1是儿童、非妊娠妇女和男子的贫血界限值,数值取自NHANES Ⅱ调查的各年龄组“健康”对象(生化检查排除缺铁者)测定值的第5百分位数值。儿童处于生长期,其贫血诊断需采用年龄别的标准,表1的数值与美国儿科学院的建议值是一致的,标本来源是中等阶层的白人儿童。1岁以下婴儿的标准可参考1～2岁的值,6月龄以下婴儿往往是不缺铁的,因此不必筛查贫血。
In most children and women of childbearing age, anemia is related to iron deficiency. Hb and Hct are often used in clinical and public health screening for anemia. Therefore, not only the correctness of the experimental method is required, Also determine the threshold for determining the Hb and Hct anemia. Different age, gender and physical status (such as pregnancy). Hb and Hct vary so considerably that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed new reference standards for clinical, public health and nutrition applications. Hb and Hct thresholds for anemia in children, nonpregnant women and men were established according to NHANES II from 1976 to 1980; reference limits for pregnant women were established by clinical investigation; Smoker’s threshold correction method. Table 1 shows anemia thresholds for children, nonpregnant women, and men and values are based on the 5th percentile from the “healthy” subjects in the NHANES II survey (biochemical tests excluding iron deficiency). Children are in the growing stage and their anemia is diagnosed using age-specific criteria. The values in Table 1 are consistent with the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the source of the specimen is a white child of middle class. Criteria for infants under 1 year of age may refer to values of 1 to 2 years old, infants under 6 months of age are often not deficient in iron, so there is no need to screen for anemia.