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目的通过引入中介效应概念在儿童青少年中探讨与饮食相关的自我效能感在饮食相关认知和行为之间的作用。方法利用多阶段整群抽样法,选取贵州省一个市区和2个县级地区的中小学校共9所,参考国内外相关研究设计调查问卷,对1398名中小学生进行调查。对研究对象与饮食相关的认知、自我效能感、有利健康的相关行为和不利健康的相关行为,进行一般情况调查、相关性分析;利用回归分析和建构模型进行自我效能感的中介效应检验。结果青少年儿童饮食相关的认知、自我效能感、有利行为平均得分均不高。认知和自我效能感之间、认知和有利行为之间、自我效能感和有利行为之间、有利行为与不利行为之间的相关性显著,相关系数分别为0.292、0.248、0.228和-0.102(P<0.01)。独立中介效应检验中,自我效能感在与饮食相关的认知和有利于健康的行为之间的部分中介效应显著,中介效应占总效应的24.52%。带入结构方程模型中检验,自我效能感的间接效应(即中介效应)更为明显(β=0.39,P<0.01)。结论在儿童青少年实际饮食行为中,提高自我效能感能增加认知改变行为的程度。
Objective To explore the role of diet-related self-efficacy in diet-related cognition and behavior in children and adolescents by introducing the concept of mediation effect. Methods By using multistage cluster sampling method, 9 primary and secondary schools in one urban area and 2 county-level areas in Guizhou Province were selected, and 1398 primary and secondary school students were investigated with reference to relevant research design questionnaires at home and abroad. The general survey and correlation analysis were conducted on the diet-related cognition, self-efficacy, health-related behavior and unfavorable health behaviors of the study subjects. The regression analysis and the construction model were used to test the mediating effect of self-efficacy. Results The children’s children’s diet-related cognitive, self-efficacy, and favorable behavior scores were not high. There was a significant correlation between perceived and self-efficacy, cognitive and beneficial behavior, self-efficacy and beneficial behavior, and between beneficial behavior and adverse behavior with correlation coefficients of 0.292, 0.248, 0.228 and -0.102, respectively (P <0.01). In the independent mediation test, the partial mediation effect of self-efficacy on diet-related cognition and health-promoting behavior was significant, and the mediating effect accounted for 24.52% of the total effect. Into the structural equation model test, self-efficacy of indirect effects (ie, mediation effect) was more obvious (β = 0.39, P <0.01). Conclusion In the actual dietary behaviors of children and adolescents, improving self-efficacy can increase the degree of cognitive change behavior.