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一、儒家道德的危机和重振 儒家道德随着汉武帝“罢黜百家、独尊儒术”而成为中国的正统道德。在漫长的封建社会中,它的正统地位很少遇到挑战。直到19世纪初,随着封建中国的腐朽衰落,它才开始显露出其潜在的危机。但是,当时的士大夫普遍都没有认识到这场危机的真实内含,战争带来的耻辱反而激发了他们重振儒家道德的热情。一时间,“正人心、厉风俗、兴教化”、重振古圣先贤道德遗训的呼声沸沸扬扬,颇为热闹。就连被称为“睁眼看世界第一人”的魏源也把“平乎人心之积患”、重振传统道德视为挽救积弱积贫之中国的根本法门。
First, the crisis of Confucian morality and the revival of Confucian morality became the orthodox moral of China along with Emperor Wu of Han “striking down one hundred and honoring Confucianism.” In the long feudal society, its legitimacy rarely encountered challenges. It was not until the early 19th century that, as decadent decay of feudal China, it began to reveal its potential crisis. However, at the time, most taxonomists did not realize the real content of the crisis, but the humiliation brought about by the war actually aroused their enthusiasm for revitalizing Confucianism. For a time, “positive people, Li customs, enlightenment”, to revive the ancient holy sages ethics training uproar, quite lively. Even Wei Yuan, who is known as “the first person in the world to open his eyes to the eyes of the people,” has regarded “the accumulation of human suffering” and reinvigorated the traditional morality as the fundamental law for saving China from being weak and poor.